Transcript nine challenges of the 21st century that will have global benefit

NINE CHALLENGES OF THE
21ST CENTURY THAT WILL
HAVE GLOBAL BENEFIT
WHEN WE MEET THEM
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
OUR WORLD IS AT SERIOUS RISK
RISK ASSESSMENT
•NATURAL HAZARDS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: DISASTER
RESILIENCE
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
YOUR
COMMUNITY
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•SCENARIOS
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY/RECONSTR.
DISASTER RESILIENCE
PRE- AND POST-DISASTER
ASSESSMENTS
RENEWING INFRASTRUCTURE
PROTECTING CYBER SPACE
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you make
people, buildings, and infrastructure
disaster resilient in communities that
are known to be at high risk from
floods, severe windstorms,
earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis,
volcanic eruptions, and wildfires?
PRE- AND POST-DISASTER
ASSESSMENTS
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you use
computer and information
technology to create realistic preevent disaster scenarios and postdisaster assessments for use in
educational surges, recovery and
reconstruction, and policies?
RENEWING COMMUNITY
INFRASTRUCTURE
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you
renew aging, increasingly
vulnerable community
infrastructure while
simultaneously maintaining
and/or improving the
environmental balance?
CYBER SPACE
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you
protect the global information
infrastructure from identity
theft, viruses, and other threats
while sustaining a timely flow
of high-quality data?
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO
HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT
(SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND
FAILURE)
EARTHQUAKES
“DISASTER
LABORATORIES”
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION
AND PLAN
TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
POOR DETAILING AND WEAK
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
FRAGILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF
INCOMING WAVES
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE
RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE
RUNUP
TSUNAMIS
“DISASTER
LABORATORIES”
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF
BUILDINGS
FLOODING
INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL
AND VERTICAL EVACUATION
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF
TSUNAMI
CAUSES
OF RISK
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
FLOODS
STRUCTURE & CONTENTS:
DAMAGE FROM WATER
DISASTER
LABORATORIES
WATER BORNE DISEASES
(HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND
WATER
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
WIND PENETRATING
BUILDING ENVELOPE
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
“DISASTER
LABORATORIES”
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN
ELEVATION AND PLAN
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
CAUSES
OF RISK
LATERAL BLAST
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS
FLYING DEBRIS
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
DISASTER
LABORATORIES
VOLCANIC ASH
LAVA FLOWS
LAHARS
TOXIC GASES
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
SITING AND BUILDING ON
UNSTABLE SLOPES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO TOPPLES
LANDSLIDES
DISASTER
LABORATORIES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO SPREADS
SOIL AND ROCK
SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
PRECIPITATION THAT
TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
SHAKING
GROUND SHAKING THAT
TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
LIGHTNING STRIKES
MANMADE FIRES
PROXIMITY OF URBAN AREA
TO WILDLANDS INTERFACE
WILDFIRES
DISASTER
LABORATORIES
WIND DIRECTION (DAY AND
NIGHT)
DRYNESS
HIGH TEMPERATURES
FUEL SUPPLY
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
PROLONGED LACK OF
PRECIPITATION
LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE
LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTIVITY
DROUGHTS
DISASTER
LABORATORIES
DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF
GROUND WATER
LOSS OF VEGETATION
INSECT INFESTATION
LOSS OF LAND FROM
DESERTIFICATION
HEALTHCARE
NEW MEDICINES
CLEAN WATER
TO BE ELABORATED
SEPARATELY
HEALTHCARE
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you
identify the specific factors
behind wellness and illness,
and follow through on them to
realize the global promise of
healthcare?
NEW MEDICINES
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you
find new treatments for age-old
scourges such as malaria and
the emerging diseases?
CLEAN WATER
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you
increase the precious and
relatively short supply of clean
water for personal use and
irrigation in all areas of the
world?
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
SOLAR ENERGY
TO BE ELABORATED
SEPARATELY
INCREASING THE BENEFIT/COST
OF SOLAR ENERGY
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you
convert and store the power of
sunshine at a cost competitive
with fossil fuels?
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you
capture the carbon dioxide
produced from fossil-fuel
burning, and confine the
excess carbon underground?