Transcript The Crusades 1095-1204

The Crusades
1095-1300’s
Conditions that made the Crusades
possible for the Europeans
The beginning of the Reconquista by the Spanish
nobles
The Byzantine Empire was being attacked by the
Seljuk Turks and had asked Europe for help
A divided Middle East showed the possibility of
“rescuing” Jerusalem
A growing population of young, landless
European nobles
Urban II’s reason
(and he is important because he was the one who started it all)
- Chance to reunite the
divided Church
- Chance to increase the
prestige (and power)
of the Church
- Reduce the feudal
warfare that was going
between European
nobles.
Reasons behind people joining
the Crusades
Obeying God’s will
Plenary indulgence
Pursuit of riches
Acquiring their own lands instead of being
given a fief
Avoiding taxes
Map for the Crusades
1st Crusade (1096)
Goal- Rescue
Jerusalem
Success (one of the
only ones)
Aftermath:
Established 4 feudal
states with a French
feudal lord but did not
last long.
2nd Crusade (1144)
Goal- To recapture
lands retaken by the
Muslims
Failure
3rd Crusade (1189-1192)
Goal- To recapture
Jerusalem.
Failure highlighted with
the death of a German
king and the capture of the
English king
Aftermath: King Richard
of England (the Lionhearted) managed to gain
guarantees for the safety
of Christians visiting
Jerusalem
4th Crusade (1204)
Goal- Conquer
Constantinople
Failure highlighted by
the fact that there was
a change of focus from
Holy Quest to
economic war.
1291
The last European stronghold at Acre was
defeated by Saladin and the Crusades were
over.
There were 9 Crusades- 5 within the last
century
Results of the Crusades
Exposure of the West to new cultural and
economic influences from the Middle East.
Increased European interaction (positive
and negative) with the rest of the World
Helped bring about the Renaissance