Transcript medieval europe

MEDIEVAL EUROPE
CHAPTER 15
AD 500s-1400s
SECTION 1
•
•
•
•
•
513 Map
514 Map
516 Map
518 Map
521 #3, Draw Diagram
Roman Empire AD 117
The Germanic
Kingdoms
• After the fall of Rome (ad
476), Europe was divided into
many kingdoms
• Visigoths, Ostrogoths,
Angles, Saxons, Celts,
Franks. They were called
the germanic kingdoms
THE
FRANKS
• 400s AD settled
in the area that
is now France
• 496 AD become
Catholic under
Clovis
CHARLEMAGNE
• Frankish King
•
•
•
•
•
age 29
AD 800 He had
an empire, which
covered western
and central
europe
“Charles the
Great”
Had as many as
18 children
French and
Germans
Empire fell after
his death in ad
814
The Rise of the Catholic Church
• Roman Catholic Church plays an important
•
•
•
•
role in the growth of Western Europe
Gregory the Great, Gregory I. Pope AD 590 –
604. Wanted all of Europe to be Christian
Sent missionaries all over Europe to spread
Christianity
Monks taught, provided food, taught
carpentry, weaving and farming
Monks also copied the Bible
Monastery St. Michel France
FEUDALISM
• It’s a system of organizing society
• Nobles given large farms if they helped King fight
• Landowners (lords or nobles) gained the right to
collect taxes and make laws on their “estates” (like
towns)
• Nobles governed and protected the people in return
for services such as fighting in the army
• By AD 1000 kingdoms of Europe were divided into
thousands of feudal territories (like towns, called
manors)
• Center was the noble’s castle or fortress
FEUDALISM
Who’s Who in the
Feudal System?
•
•
•
•
King
Nobles
Vassal/Knights
Peasants/Serfs
The Feudal System
• Nobles (vassals)
– Served a lord of a higher rank
– Loyalty to higher noble was important
• Vassals
– Served in the lord’s army
– Received fief in return for service and loyalty
– Followed a Code of Chivalry
• Peasants
– Had to work the lord’s land for 3 days per week
– Received protection in return
THE MANOR
• The lands and fields of the
•
•
•
•
•
middle ages were called manors
FIEF – land granted to knights as
a reward
LORDS RULED LAND AND SERFS
FARMED IT
SERFS WERENT ALLOWED TO LEAVE THE
MANOR
theY eVen haD to Gets the lorD’s
APPROVAL TO MARRY!
See pages 524 & 525
Was feudalism good
or bad?
• Read pages 532 and 533 and
answer the questions.
• This will help you make a
decision about the feudal
system.
Life in the Middle
Ages
• People produced cloth,
metal-work, shoes.
• Guilds
• Cities had narrow winding
streets, houses were
crowded
Life in medieval times
• The castle-Centerpiece of
the manor
• No work on catholic
holidays (50 per year)
• Peasant’s Diet
– Bread, vegetables, milk, nuts &
fruit
Noble Life in Medieval
Times
• Knights followed code of
chivalry
–
–
–
–
–
Obey Lord
Be brave
Show respect for noble women
Honor the church
Help people
• Many men went to war &
women ran the manor
The magna carta
•
•
•
•
King john
England
1215
Took power
from the king
and gave the
people rights
• King had to
obey the law
France and Russia
• aD 843 CharlemaGne’s kinGDom Was
•
•
•
•
divided into 3, western part became
France
AD 900 Vikings in Eastern Europe
created a state around the city of
Kiev became the Kievan Rus
The Kievan Rus are conquered by the
Mongols in 1240
By 1462 the Rus regained control
and the city of Moscow grew, they
become the Russians
First Czar was Ivan (III) the Great in
1462
The crusades
• Christians and Muslims battle
over Jerusalem
– Pope urban II vs. Saladin
• 1095 Pope Urban speaks launches
a CrusaDe “holY War” aGainst
the Muslims
– 1098 1st crusade, Christians are
victorious
• 1174 Saladin becomes Muslim
ruler and strikes back taking
Jerusalem in 1187
The crusades
• 3rd CrusaDe leD bY riCharD “the
lion hearteD” of enGlanD =
Truce between Richard and
Saladin
• 10 crusades in total
• by 1291 the Muslims had
reconquered all of their lost
land
The church &
society
• Life revolved
around the
church
• Saints
• Church worked
to end heresy,
the practice of
speaking out
against church
teachings
• the inquisitionchurch court
that tried
heretics
The black death
• knoWn as “the PlaGue”
• Came from fleas on Rats
from ships and caravans
• Between 19 – 38 million
Europeans died between
1347-1351
– About 1/3 of the European
population
Who was Joan of
Arc?
• 1429 peasant French girl tells the French King
that saints told her to free France from
England
• King Charles permitted her to go with the
French army, she motivated them to victory at
the Battle of Orleans
• Captured by the English and put before the
Inquisition
• She was burned at the stake
THE END