Transcript The middle ages - Ms. Akpabio 6A Social Studies

THE
MIDDLE
AGES
A K A T H E DA R K AG E S
5 0 0 TO 1 5 5 0 C E
The Middle Ages or Medieval Period
( 500 CE -1550 CE.)
Barbarian
Invasions
along with
other
things
cause the
fall of the
Roman
Empire
Rise of
New
Kingdoms/S
tates that
are not
united
Byzantine
Empire
spreads the
Christian
religion.
Nearly
everyone in
Europe is
Roman
Catholic.
Church
officials
known as the
Clergy.
New
Kingdoms
are unable
to protect
themselves
from
Barbarian
Invasions,
causing a
need for
localized
Protection
The
Rise of
Feudalism in
Europe
CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIEVAL
TIMES
• Feudal System: a political and
social system in which less
powerful people promise
loyalty to more powerful
ones in return for protection
from invading barbarians
and/or Scandinavians (Vikings)
– Land was granted in
exchange for loyalty,
military assistance, and
other services
FEUDALISM
Feudalism
• Lords divided their
lands into estates
called fiefs
• Fiefs (land) given to
vassals in return for
loyalty and military
support
– anyone who was under the protection
of another and therefore owed and
declared not only loyalty but a
payment of some sort to their
protector
• All nobles were vassals
to the King
KINGS, QUEENS, AND GOD
• First level of the social structure was the monarch, king or queen, and clergy.
– Smallest class of people
• Monarch ruled over all of the land, except the church.
– Church had the same amount, if not more power than the kings, could remove
kings from power
– Church represented God on Earth
– Only the church could speak to God and only way to get into heaven was through
them
– Divine right of kings: God chose the King to rule
– King gave money to the church
• Monarchs usually lived in a castle and governed all of the manors
– Manor: a large estate, often including a village and farmlands, ruled by a noble (lord
or lady). Often found surrounding a castle
Manorial System
• An economic
system in the
Middle Ages that
was built around
large estates
called manors
• Included a village
and the land
surrounding it
Manorial System
• Manors were self sufficient
– Most things needed for daily life were produced on
the manor
What is a Knight?
• Almost all nobles were knights
• Training began at age 7, as a page ,
under the guidance of the lady of the
manor
• Became squires at age 15 and were
trained by other knights
• Those deemed worthy were
“dubbed” knights
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Feudalism
• Knights
– Mounted warriors who
protected lord’s lands
– Given land for their
services
– Chivalry
• Code of ethics followed
by knights
• Honesty, fairness in
battle, loyal, proper
treatment of women
Peasants and Serfs
• Serfs
– Peasants who lived and
worked on the lord’s
manor
– Were not allowed to
leave the manor or marry
without the lord’s
permission
– Were allowed to farm on
the manor in return for
work
• Lords were required to
protect the serfs
Life of Serfs
• The life of a serf was
harsh
– Worked long hours
– few lived past 35
years old
– Based on heredity
• You were a serf if you
parents were
Life of Serf
• The Harshness of Manor Life
– Peasants pay taxes to use mill
and bakery; pay a tithe to priest
• Tithe—a church tax—is equal to
one-tenth of a peasant’s income
– Serfs live in crowded cottages
with dirt floors, straw for beds
– Worked long hours
• raising crops, livestock;
feeding and clothing family
– Poor diet, illness, malnutrition
make life expectancy 35 years
– Serfs generally accept their lives
as part of God’s plan
Manorial System
• Freemen
– skilled workers who
paid rent to nobles
and could leave the
manor
• Ex. Blacksmith and
millers
Constructing the Pyramid Feudal
Power
SERFS AND FREEMEN
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Constructing the Pyramid of Feudal
Power
LESSER NOBLES
(KNIGHTS)
LABOR
AND PAY
TAXES
PROTECTION
SERFS AND FREEMEN
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Constructing the Pyramid of
Feudal Power
POWERFUL
NOBLES
LOYALTY ,
MILITARY SERVICE
AND MANAGE
SERFS AND
VILLAGERS
LAND AND
PROTECTION
LESSER NOBLES
(KNIGHTS)
LABOR
PROTECTION
SERFS AND FREEMEN
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Constructing the Pyramid of
Feudal Power
KING
LOYALTY AND
COLLECT
TAXES FOR KING
LAND
POWERFUL
NOBLES
LAND AND
PROTECTION
LOYALTY, MILITARY SERVICE
AND MANAGE THE
SERFS AND VILLAGERS
LESSER NOBLES
(KNIGHTS)
LABOR, PAY
TAXES
PROTECTION
SERFS AND FREEMEN (Peasants)
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Anchor
Chart
A title: Feudalism
You need pictures for each class
system and each picture needs
to be labeled.
Arrows
A description of what each
class system received.
Color