Transcript Manorial System - cloudfront.net

The Middle Ages or Medieval Period
( 500 CE -1500 CE.)
Barbarian
Invasions
cause the
Fall of the
Western
Roman
Empire
Rise of
New
Kingdoms/
States
that are
not united
New
Kingdoms
are unable
to protect
themselves
from
Barbarian
Invasions,
causing a
need for
localized
Protection
The
Rise of
Feudalism
in Europe
• 1/11/16
• Focus:
 Feudalism - a form of government that started in
the middle ages.
 Feudalism only occurs when there is a weak central
government because the king ends up giving away some of
his land
• Vocabulary:
 Manor – an agricultural estate run by a lord and
worked by peasants.
 Serfs – peasants legally bound to the land. They
provided labor services, pay rents and be subject
to the lord’s control.
Medieval Society
• Kings and Queens
• Rulers
• Nobility
• Lords and Knights
• Controlled the land
• Clergy
• Church officials
• Peasants
• Majority of the
population
• Worked the land and
served the nobles
Feudalism
• Political and social system based on the
granting of land in exchange for loyalty,
military assistance, and other services
Feudalism
• Developed
as a result
of frequent
invasions in
western
Europe
• Kings and
nobles
needed a
way to
protect
their lands
Feudalism
• Lords divided their
lands into estates
called fiefs
• Fiefs (land) given to
vassals
– A person granted
land in return for
loyalty or military
service
• All nobles were
vassals to the king
Feudalism
• Knights
– Mounted warriors who
protected lord’s lands
– Given land for their
services
– Chivalry
• Code of ethics followed
by knights
• Honesty, fairness in
battle, loyal, proper
treatment of women
Feudal Obligations
• Provide military service
• Remain loyal and faithful
• Give money on special
occasions
• Give Land
• Protect from attack
• Resolve disputes between
knights
Protection from who?
1. The Vikings invaded
from Scandinavia- They
were quick and savage. They
attacked Ireland, England and
France. They looted and
captured people to sell into
slavery. Most Europeans lived
in terror of them
2. The Magyars from Asia
3. The Muslims (from
South)
Vikings, Muslims and Magyars Invasion Map
Charlemagne
• Charlemagne was first
crowned the king of the
Franks
• Later, in 800 CE he was
crowned by the POPE
Leo III as the king of the
Holy Roman Empire.
• This enraged the Eastern
Byzantines because their ruler
was not selected
• The Church and Charlemagne
depended on each other. The
Pope needed the support of
his army to protect the church,
Charlemagne gained support
from his people because he
was viewed as having “god on
his side”
Charlemagne Continued
• Through wars of
conquest he united
European tribes into one
single empire.
• He showed them that
they have similar values
like Christianity, allowing
them to see themselves
as Europeans not as tribe
members.
By Rafael: the Coronation of
Charlegmagne
William The Conqueror
• He defeated the
English king at the
Battle of Hastings
• To reward the knights
that helped him win
the battle, he gave
them land….Hence,
the beginning of the
feudal system in
England
William The Conquerer
Battle of Hastings
The Pope and King: A Power
Struggle
• Since the large majority of the
people of Feudal Europe were
Christian the Pope had
tremendous power over every
body.
• They thought they should
select Bishops.
• Kings believed they
should have the power to
select the bishops.
Pope Gregory VII vs. King Henry IV
• In 1073 King Henry IV selected a bishop
Pope Gregory VII did not like.
• The Pope excommunicated (cast him out
of the church) Henry IV.
• Remember :Christians believe that if you die while excommunicated
you will not go to heaven.
• Desperate, the king apologized and asked
for forgiveness.
• In fact, the king stood barefoot in the snow for three days before the
Pope would even talk to him.
Constructing the Pyramid Feudal
Power
SERFS AND FREEMEN
20
Constructing the Pyramid of Feudal
Power
LESSER NOBLES
(KNIGHTS)
LABOR
PROTECTION
SERFS AND FREEMEN
21
Constructing the Pyramid of
Feudal Power
POWERFUL
NOBLES
LAND AND
PROTECTION
LOYALTY AND
MILITARY SERVICE
LESSER NOBLES
(KNIGHTS)
LABOR
PROTECTION
SERFS AND FREEMEN
22
Constructing the Pyramid of
Feudal Power
KING
LOYALTY AND
SERVICE
LAND
POWERFUL
NOBLES
LAND AND
PROTECTION
LOYALTY AND
MILITARY SERVICE
LESSER NOBLES
(KNIGHTS)
LABOR
PROTECTION
SERFS AND FREEMEN
23
Closure
• Explain why feudalism developed in
western Europe.
• What was a knight’s obligation to the lord?
• What was the lord’s obligation to the
knight?
Manorial System
• An economic
system in the
Middle Ages that
was built around
large estates
called manors
• Included a village
and the land
surrounding it
Manorial System
• Manors were self sufficient
– Most things needed for daily life were produced on
the manor
•
Vassals = Contracts
• The serfs entered into
vassals (contracts) - An
agreement that stated that
they would work on the land.
In return, the lord/noble
would protect serfs.
– Lords called their Knights
“vassals”.
– It is through the Manor System
that we get the terms: “landlord and lord of the manor.”
Manorial System
• Serfs
– Peasants who lived and
worked on the lord’s
manor
– Were not allowed to
leave the manor or marry
without the lord’s
permission
– Were allowed to farm on
the manor in return for
work
• Lords were required to
protect the serfs
Manorial System
• The life of a serf was
harsh
– Worked long hours
– few lived past 35
years old
– Lords could try
peasants in their own
courts
– Based on heredity
• You were a serf if you
parents were
Manorial System
–Serfs were
not slaves,
even though
they
worked like
slaves.
Manorial System
• The Harshness of Manor Life
– Peasants pay taxes to use mill
and bakery; pay a tithe to priest
• Tithe—a church tax—is equal to
one-tenth of a peasant’s income
– Serfs live in crowded cottages
with dirt floors, straw for beds
– Worked long hours
• raising crops, livestock;
feeding and clothing family
– Poor diet, illness, malnutrition
make life expectancy 35 years
– Serfs generally accept their lives
as part of God’s plan
Manorial System
• Freemen
– skilled workers who
paid rent to nobles
and could leave the
manor
• Ex. Blacksmith and
millers
Manorial System
Let’s see how much you remember!
1) Everyone owed loyalty to the ________
2) Nobles were near the top of the social
hierarchy . They got _______ from the king.
3) Lesser nobles (knights) gave _________
_________ in return for land
4) _______ were bound to the land. They worked
in return for ____________.
5) __________ were skilled workers. They paid
rent to the ______ and were free to move if
they wanted to.
34
Check Your Answers
1) Everyone owed loyalty to the king.
2) Nobles were near the top of the social
hierarchy. They got land from the
king.
3) Lesser nobles (knights) gave military
service in return for land.
4) Serfs were bound to the land. They
worked in return for protection.
5) Freemen were skilled workers. They
paid rent to the nobles and were free
to move if they wanted to.
Closure
• What was the Manorial System
• How were manors self sufficient?
• Explain why feudalism developed in
western Europe.
3 Field System
• The agricultural system of the time changed
from a two field system to a three field
system.
– The two field system meant that half of the
estate would be used during either the spring or
fall growing seasons while the other half lay fallow.
This would lead to fields being exhausted thus
leading to low food production.
– The three field system is where two-thirds of the
fields are used during the growing season while
one-third lays fallow. The fields are then rotated
the next year using last years fallow field and only
one of the previously used fields. This results in
higher food production
3 Field System
3 Field System
3 Field System