Transcript The Middle Ages

City-States
• Review- In your groups discuss what you
have already learned about city-states
The Middle Ages
The beginning of the Middle Ages
(AKA Dark Ages)
Fall of Rome –
• No central power to provide
order
• Many Peoples invaded the area
• Social and Economic Chaos
– Loss of education, literacy
– Trade Declined
• Cities were abandoned
– Moved to towns, villages
Rebuilding Society
– Feudalism (political system)
– Manor system (economic system)
– Rebuilt Trade and Infrastructure
Feudalism
Form of government based on exchange of
land for protection and services
Feudalism
HierarchyDescending power and
authority
Social Class systemInherited
Well defined
InvestitureLoyalty and Service secured
by Oath (contract)
Feudal Class System
Lords –
Nobles that were given lands by king to
maintain in return for service
(Landlords)
Knights-
Lesser Nobles that were also given lands
to maintain in return for service
Serf-
Worked the land and could not leave
(Indentured)
Peasants-
Worked the land but could leave (Freemen)
How Feudalism Works
• King or Nobel gives control of a piece of land (Fief) to
another Nobel (Vassal) in return for service and taxes
Fief- is a piece of land given to a vassal by a lord to
manage and protect.
Vassal- Anyone who pledged their loyalty and
service to another in return for a grant of land.
• Nobles can then divide up land further to other Nobles
(Knights) or peasants/surfs in return for service and
taxes
Vassals
• Most noble vassals were knights:
Professional horse soldiers
• Vassals provided military service
and paid taxes to lords
• Mostly taxes were paid in crops
• Ultimately everyone was a vassal
of the king
Feudal Structure
Feudal Structure
Feudal Structure
Feudal Structure
Manor system
• Basic economic
arrangement within
Feudalism
• Revolved around the
manor or large estate of
the lord
• Based on set of rights
and obligations
between serfs and lords
Manor system
• Lords protected
land
• Peasants farmed
the fields
• Serfs were
legally tied to
the land
Manors: Self-Sufficient
Community
• Manor Had:
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Fortified house/castle
Village
Fields for crops
Pasture for animals
Church
Mill to grind grain
Blacksmith.
Growth of Towns
• People in Towns Asked for
Charters
– Written documents assuring rights
– Formalized relationship to lord
• Merchants set up Headquarters
in towns
• Middle class began to grow
(Between Peasants and Nobles)
Trade Guilds
• Association of merchants
and artisans that governed
town
– Controlled prices/wages in
town
– Set standards
– Regulated Trade
– Trained Members
• Apprentice
• Journeyman
• Master (Join Guild)
Economic Changes
• Regained Control of
Medterianian
• Rubuilt Roman Roads
• Trade system re-created
• Trade Fairs
– Meet for several weeks to
trade each year
– Business grew to support
The Crusades
• The origin intent was to unite the
Roman and Byzantine churches
under the leadership of Pope
Urban II.
• The first Crusade succeeded in
capturing Jerusalem from the
Muslims.
• The second Crusade failed to
capture Edessa.
• The third Crusade attempted to
re-capture Jerusalem and failed.
Warriors traveled from Europe
to the Middle East.
Results of the Crusades
• The pope and the feudal nobility both
suffered a loss of power.
• Religious tolerance decreased.
• Hatred between Muslims and Christians
remained high.
• An increase in trade sparked European
expansion.
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The Age of Chivalry
Section
3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
List ideas associated with chivalry.
courtly love
courage
war games
for glory
epic poems
Chivalry
horses as
status symbols
Christian faith
loyalty
courtesy
women on pedestal
continued . . .
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The Age of Chivalry
Section
3
Assessment
2. Do you think the idea of romantic love helped or
hindered women? Why? THINK ABOUT
• pros and cons of placing women on a “pedestal”
• the Church’s view of women
• the lyrics of love songs quoted in the text
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
Helped women: Showed new respect and admiration; made the
love between men and women more important; offset Church’s
dim view of women
Hindered women: Fostered unrealistic visions of women;
encouraged a distant admiration of women instead of a respect
for women’s abilities and ideas; valued unrequited love over
relationships or marriage; applied to very few women
continued . . .
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The Age of Chivalry
Section
3
Assessment
3. What positive effects might the code of chivalry have
had on feudal society? THINK ABOUT
• the ideals of chivalry
• the education of a knight
• the importance of religious faith
• the violence and constant warfare during the Middle Ages
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
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taught boys about courtesy and honor
softened the brutality of a warlike society
created guidelines for social behavior
encouraged the virtues of loyalty, faith, and bravery
inspired great literature
End of Section 3