Transcript CN Feudalism and Manorial System File

Feudalism and Manorial
System
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I. Feudalism
By the 900’s were governed by small, local,
independent leaders, most often by local
lords. The political organization these
leaders represented is known as feudalism.
A. The System
the system a powerful noble would granted
land to lesser noble
Actual ownership of the land reminded
with the noble who made the grant. The
noble that was granted the can use it and its
products on it but never can own the land
The person who granted the land was a
lord and the grant of land was called
fief. The person who received the fief
was a vassal.
The transaction of a noble granting land
and a vassal receiving land created a
contract between the two. A vassal
could further divide the land he had
been granted and grant it to others,
such as knights. Thus, a vassal could
also be a lord.
Primogeniture- system of inheritance from
father to eldest son
Women’s rights regarding legal property
were limited. A woman might have had fiefs
in her dowry. However, when she married,
her husband gained control over her dowry.
In most cases a woman regained control of
the property in her dowry if her husband
died.
The local lords held many of the powers
associated with government. Kings were
bound by the customs and obligations of
feudalism.
In theory every landlord was a vassal to the
king. In practice the king controlled only
those who lived on his feudal lands. Even the
church was part of the feudal system. The
medieval church owned vast owned vast
amounts of land and had many vassals who
were granted fiefs in return for military
protection and service.
B. Warfare
wars were common during the Middle Ages
many of the wars grew from private fights
between feudal lords, or lords and vassals,
and were local conflicts, that involved only a
handful of nobles and their knights
In other cases, wars could be large-scale events
that involved whole regions and that could be
immensely destructive.
In the Middle Ages the knight wore armor in
battle and were heavily armed. In the early
Middle Ages the armor was made out of mail
chain-, small, interlocking mental links stitched
to a knee-length leather shirt. The Knight would
wear an iron helmet and carry a sword, a large
shield, and a lance.
With introduction to gunpowder the overlapping
mental plates replaced the chain mail. The
plated mental was so heavy sometimes they had
to lifted by a crane to get on their horse.
the horses they use were much bigger than a
normal horse today
In medieval times wars had different effects on
society. For nobles, wars were an opportunity
for glory and wealth. For most of the Middle
Ages, however, war was a major cause of
suffering and hardship. The church tried to
limit the general suffering caused by war by
issuing several decrees that prohibited acts of
violence and private warfare near churches and
other holy buildings. If the decrees were not
obeyed, the church threatened punishment. The
church tried to get the lords not to fight on
certain days and on weekends and holy days
C. Feudal justice
feudal justice was done different than
Roman justice
Three Ways for Trial
1. trial by battle
2. compurgation, or oath taking
3. trial by and accused- or their
representatives- in which the outcome
determined innocence or guilt
The outcome of the trial by ordeal was
determined by how the accused survived a
particular ordeal
II. Manorial System
Feudalism provided social and political
structure to the culture of the Middle
Ages.
Manorialism shaped the economy of much of
Europe during these years. The system took
its name from the manors of the Middle
Ages.
Manors are large farming estates that
included manor houses, cultivated lands,
woodlands, pastures, fields, and villages.
Central authority and organizated trade- key
parts of most modern economies were
almost nonexistent during the Middle Ages
People that lived on manors needed to be selfsufficient. They produced everything they
needed. Some items had to be purchased like
iron, salt, wool, wine and certain
manufactured goods.
A lord and several peasant families shared the
land of the manor.
The domain is one third of the manor’s land
owned by the lord. The rest of the land
which is two-thirds is farmed by peasants.
The peasants work the land and give some of
the crops to the lord
The peasants pay many kinds of taxes
The manor village was located along a stream or
river, which provided waterpower for the
village mill. For safety a small group of
houses were clustered near the manor house
or castle. The land surrounding the manor
house included the village, vegetable plots,
cultivated fields, pastures and forests.
Cultivated land was often divided into three
large fields for growing grain.
A. Peasant life
a peasant life was very difficult in medieval
times
they did backbreaking work in the fields
the peasants were called serfs
the serfs could not leave the land without
permission for the lord
most of the peasants /serfs would be born
on the manor and died on the manor
B. Nobles Lifestyle
the nobles did not really live in luxury
the castle is fortified base and the lord
enforced his authority and protect the
countryside
castles were usually built on hills or other
landform that would prevent easy attack
if the castle was on flat land they would put a
ditch around the castle and is called a moat
C. Chivalry
was a system of rules that dictated knights
behavior towards others
to be knight a boy had to belong to noble class
and had to pass through two stages of training
stage one- began about the age of seven, a boy
would serve as a knight’s page or
attendant(learn knightly manners and begin to
learn how to use and care for weapons)
stage two- as teenager the page would become a
knight’s assistant, called a squire ( take care of
the knights horse, armor and weapons
The knight’s had a coat of arms was a graphic
symbol that identified him and that
represented his personal characteristics. The
coat of arms was painted or stitched onto the
knights shield or outer coat, his flag, or possibly
his horse’s trappings. The coat of arms were
pasted form generation to generation.
Chivalry did much to improve the rough and
crude manners of early feudal lords.
III. Church
A. Church Hierarchy
the church had broad their political powers
the church was organized according to a strict
hierarchy
each rank had a different responsibilities and powers
parish priest was the lowest rank
the parish priest in charge of administer the five of
the seven sacraments The sacraments were
ceremonies at which participants received God’s
direct favor
B. Bishop
bishop managed a group of parishes called diocese
the king or nobles usually controlled the selection of
the bishops
C. Church leadership
archbishop manages the archdiocese
pope is the supreme authority in the church, the
pope is advised by a group of counselors called
curia
the curia most important powerful members are
the cardinals
D. Monasticism
monastic lifestyle
monks and nuns believed that they had to
withdraw from the world
Monasticism refers to the way of life in convents and monasteries
monks lived in monasteries and nuns lived in convents
E. Benedictine Rule
Benedict to worship God as a hermit
later Benedict became a Saint Benedict
Monasteries and convents all over Europe adopted these standards
called the Benedictine Rule
abbot- elected head of community
abbess- role for women at the convent
IV. Church and Medieval life
A. Political Role
in the papal states the pope was both political and religious
leader
the church had its own law called canon law and
have its own courts
The court could also issue and interdict against the
entire region. The churches can be closed in that
region.
people that denied the churches principles or who
preached beliefs not approved by the church were
considered heretics
the church collects the tithe which is one-tenth of a
Christian person’s income
B. Problems of the Church
one problem concerned lay investiture the
practice of a noble, such as king, appointing a
friend or relative to be a bishop or abbot.
During the Middle Ages, moreover, people could
buy high positions within the church hierarchy.
This practice was called simony.
the search for heretics was called the inquisition
the church believed that serve actions were needed
to stop the spread of heresy in the Christian
world.