Transcript The Crusades - Miami Beach Senior High School

The Crusades
Mr. Ermer
World History
Miami Beach Senior High
Call To Holy War




Emperor Alexius I of Byzantium asks the pope
for help against the Seljuk Turks (Muslims)
Pope Urban II responds, calling for European,
Christian warriors to liberate Jerusalem from the
infidels, this fight was called the Crusades
Western Europeans, mostly French, answer call
Causes for fighting: religion, trade, land, title,
money and adventure
War for Gold, God & Glory
The Early Crusades

Mostly French army of over 10,000 capture Antioch
(1098) and Jerusalem (1099)


Four Crusader states established in Holy Land




European victories marked by brutal massacres of the cities’
inhabitants (Jewish, Christian and Muslim)
Italian ports grow rich from trade with Crusaders
Muslims begin taking back land, Bernard of Clairvaux
calls for 2nd Crusade (failure)
Saladin retakes Jerusalem in 1187
3rd Crusade included Richard I of England, Philip II of
France and Frederick Barbarossa

Frederick drowns, Philip goes home, leaving Richard to
negotiate with Saladin allowing Christian pilgrims free access
to Jerusalem
The Later Crusades

Saladin dies in 1193, Pope Innocent III calls for
Fourth Crusade in 1196
On way to holy land, Crusades stops in
Constantinople, crusaders sack the city in 1204
 Byzantine army recaptures city in 1261, empire is
weak, remains that way until 1453 (Ottoman conq.)



1212: Children’s Crusade
Future Crusades also failures
Crusaders Enter Constantinople
Effects of the Crusades

Italy grows rich though trade with Crusaders





Genoa, Pisa and Venice
Jews also targeted across Europe as infidels
Noblemen sell their land and free serfs before
leaving to fight, as lords lose power, kings take
more power creating centralized states
Increased trade with the East provides more
money for kings
1400: Portugal, Spain, England & France emerge
as strong, centralized kingdoms—flourish
Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Review

On page 116, write and answer
questions 1-5