Transcript 3. shift in language from latin to vernacular

GROWTH OF NATION
STATES
I. GROWING FOOD
SUPPLY
A. USING HORSEPOWER
1. IMPROVEMENT – USE OF
THE COLLAR HARNESS
2. EFFECT
a. COULD PLOW TWICE AS
MUCH LAND
b. INCREASED FOOD
SUPPLY
B. THREE FIELD
SYSTEM
1. IMPROVEMENT
a. DIVIDED LAND INTO
1/3’S
b. MORE LAND UNDER
CULTIVATION
2. EFFECT
a.
b.
c.
d.
INCREASED FOOD
INCREASED POPULATION
BETTER HEALTH
DEFORESTATION OF
EUROPE
II. TRADE AND
FINANCE EXPAND
A. ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF
THE CRUSADES
1. INCREASED DEMANDS
FOR MIDDLE EASTERN
GOODS
...CRUSADES
2. INCREASED PRODUCTION
OF EUROPEAN GOODS
FOR TRADE
3. ENCOURAGED USE OF
CREDIT AND BANKING
B. FAIRS AND TRADE
1. WHO AND WHERE –
PEASANTS TRAVELED TO
TOWNS
2. WHAT – BACON, SALT,
HONEY, CHEESE, CLOTH
...FAIRS & TRADE
3. EFFECT – PRODUCTION IS
NO LONGER ON THE
MANOR
C. FINANCIAL
REVOLUTION
1. BORROWING MONEY
a. MERCHANTS NEEDED
MONEY TO PURCHASE
GOODS
...FINANCES
b. USURY – LENDING MONEY
AT INTEREST – SIN
ACCORDING TO THE
CHURCH
c. MERCHANTS TURNED TO
JEWISH MONEY LENDERS
2. EFFECTS
a. CHURCH OPPOSITION TO
USURY HELPED
SECULARIZE EUROPE
b. LETTERS OF CREDIT
EXPANDED TRADE &
MONEY SUPPLY
...EFFECTS
c. USE OF ARABIC NUMBERS
INTRODUCED WITH NEW
BOOKKEEPING
PRACTICES
(“0” FROM INDIA)
C. TRADE & TOWN
GROWTH
1. INTRODUCTION
a. POPULATION – FROM
30-42 MILLION
b. TOWN SIZE – 1500 2500
2. EFFECTS OF TOWN
GROWTH ON FEUDALISM
a. TOWNS ATTRACTED
PEASANTS FROM THE
MANOR
b. SERFS LEFT MANORS TO
LIVE IN TOWNS
3. MEDIEVAL TOWN
DEVELOPMENT & LIFE
a. NARROW STREETS
b. WASTE DUMPED INTO
STREETS
c. PEOPLE DID NOT BATH
d. HOUSES – WOOD WITH
THATCH ROOFS, CONSTANT
FIRE HAZARD
D. TOWN & SOCIAL
ORDER
1. TOWNS AND MEDIEVAL
FEUDALISM
a. TOWNS WERE UNDER
FEUDAL CONTROL
b. BURGHERS
DEMANDS
1.) FREEDOM FROM TOLLS
2.) RIGHT TO GOVERN
THEMSELVES
III. REVIVAL OF
LEARNING
A. UNIVERSITIES
1. GROUPS OF SCHOLARS
WHO MET WHEREVER
THEY COULD
...UNIVERSITIES
b. SONS OF WELL TO DO
TOWNS PEOPLE
c. STUDY FOR 5-7 YEARS
FOR BACHELORS
B. VERNACULAR
1. EVERYDAY LANGUAGE OF
HOMELAND
2. EFFECT – BROUGHT
LITERATURE TO MANY
PEOPLE
3. SHIFT IN LANGUAGE FROM
LATIN TO VERNACULAR
C. MUSLIM
CONNECTION
1. REVIVAL EFFECTS
(CRUSADES)
a. RENEWED INTEREST IN
ANCIENT SCHOLARS
b. INCREASED TRADE FROM
CRUSADES LED TO STUDY IN
MUSLIM WORLD
...REVIVAL
c. EUROPEANS ACQUIRED
NEW KNOWLEDGE
d. NEW TECHNOLOGY FROM
MUSLIMS – SHIPS,
NAVIGATION, WEAPONS
D. AQUINAS & MEDIEVAL
PHILOSOPHY
1. THOMAS AQUINAS
a. WROTE “SUMMA
THEOLOGICA”
b. ARGUED THAT RELIGIOUS
TRUTH COULD BE PROVEN
BY LOGICAL REASONING
2. EFFECT
a. SCHOLASTICS –
SCHOOLMEN VERSED IN
THE CLASSICS
b. TEACHINGS INFLUENCED
DEVELOPMENT OF
EUROPEAN GOVERNMENT
...EFFECTS
c. DEMOCRATIC
INSTITUTIONS &
TRADITIONS BEGAN TO
DEVELOP
IV. ENGLAND ABSORBS
INVADERS
A. EARLY INVASIONS
1. INVADERS
a. VIKINGS
b. ANGLES
c. SAXONS
...INVADERS
2. KING CANUTE – UNIFIED
ENGLISH PEOPLE INTO
ANGLO-SAXONS
B. NORMAN
CONQUEST
1. WILLIAM THE
CONQUEROR
a. NORMANDY – REGION
OF NORTHERN FRANCE
...WILLIAM
b. DESCENDED FROM
VIKINGS ADOPTED
FRENCH CULTURE
c. CLAIMED ENGLISH
CROWN AND INVADED
ENGLAND
2. HAROLD
GODWINSON
a. ANGLO/SAXON WHO
CLAIMED THE ENGLISH
CROWN
3. BATTLE OF
HASTINGS
a. HAROLD GODWINSON
KILLED IN BATTLE
b. WILLIAM CLAIMED ALL OF
ENGLAND
4. EFFECT
a. WILLIAM UNIFIED
ENGLAND
b. LAID FOUNDATION FOR
CENTRALIZED
GOVERNMENT
V. ENGLAND’S EVOLVING
GOVERNMENT
A. INTRODUCTION
1. GOALS OF WILLIAMS
DESCENDENTS
a. HOLD & ADD FRENCH
LANDS
b. STRENGTHEN POWER
OVER NOBLES & CHURCH
B. MONARCHS, NOBLES,
& COMMON LAW
1. ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE
a. HUSBANDS
1.) LOUIS VII – FRANCE
2.) HENRY II - ENGLAND
b. SONS
1.) RICHARD THE
LIONHEARTED
2.) JOHN
2. EFFECTS OF MARRIAGE
TO HENRY II
a. ADDED TERRITORY IN
FRANCE
b. MADE HIM A VASSAL TO
THE FRENCH KING
3. HENRY RULES ENGLAND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
a. STRENGTHENED ROYAL
COURTS
b. INTRODUCED USE OF JURY
c. ESTABLISHED COMMON LAW
– BASED ON JUDICIAL
OPINION
C. MAGNA CARTA
1. JOHN’S RULE
a. FAILED AS A MILITARY
LEADER
b. LOST FRENCH LANDS
2. NOBLES REVOLT
a. CAUSES
1.) CRUEL TO SUBJECTS
2.) TAXED NOBILITY
HEAVILY TO SUPPORT
WARS IN FRANCE
b. MAGNA CARTA
1.) RIGHTS GUARANTEED
a.) NO TAXATION
WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION
b. RIGHT TO TRIAL BY
JURY
c. EFFECTS
a. FOUNDATION FOR BASIC
LEGAL RIGHTS IN
ENGLAND AND UNITED
STATES
D. MODEL PARLIAMENT
1. CAUSES
a. NEEDED TO RAISE
TAXES FOR FRENCH WARS
2. PARLIAMENT –
LEGISLATIVE GROUP
a.) TWO BURGESSES FROM
EACH COUNTY
b. TWO KNIGHTS FROM
EACH COUNTY
...PARLIAMENT
3. HOUSE OF COMMONS
a. KNIGHTS & BURGESSES
4. HOUSE OF LORDS
a. NOBLES & BISHOPS
...PARLIAMENT
5. EFFECT
a.) WEAKENED GREATER
LORDS
b.) PROVIDED CHECK ON
ROYAL POWER
VI. CAPETIAN DYNASTY
RULES FRANCE
A. INTRODUCTION
1. FRANCE AFTER
CHARLEMAGNE
a. DIVIDED INTO 30 FEUDAL
TERRITORIES
b. CAROLINGIAN DYNASTY
ENDED WITH LOUIS THE
SLUGGARD
2. HUGH CAPET
a. SMALL KINGDOM THAT
INCLUDED PARIS
b. BEGAN CAPETIAN
DYNASTY WHICH GAINED
CONTROL OVER FRANCE
B. FRANCE BECOMES A
SEPARATE KINGDOM
1. IMPORTANCE OF CAPETIAN
LOCATION
a. CONTROLLED EUROPEAN
TRADE ROUTES
b. CONTROL OF FRANCE
SPREAD FROM PARIS
C. PHILLIP II EXPANDS
HIS POWER
1. PHILLIP’S GOALS
a. WEAKEN THE POWERS
OF THE ENGLISH KINGS IN
FRANCE
2. FAILURES &
SUCCESSES
a. LITTLE SUCCESS AGAINST
HENRY II OR RICHARD THE
LIONHEARTED
b. GREATLY INCREASED
TERRITORY AGAINST JOHN
...SUCCESSES
c. TRIPLED LAND HELD
d. BECAME MORE
POWERFUL THAN
VASSALS
3. CENTRALIZING
GOVERNMENT
a. ESTABLISHED COURTS
CALLED BAILIFFS
b. PRESIDED OVER COURTS
AND COLLECTED TAXES
D. PHILLIP’S HEIRS
1. LOUIS IX
a. KNOWN AS IDEAL KING
...HEIRS
b. CREATED FRENCH APPEALS
COURTS
1.) COULD OVERTURN
LOCAL COURT DECISIONS
2.) STRENGTHENED
MONARCHY & WEAKENED
FEUDALISM
2. PHILLIP IV
a. USED SUPPORT OF LORDS
AND BISHOPS AGAINST
POPE
b. INCLUDED COMMONERS
IN MEETINGS
c. ESTATES GENERAL
ST
1
1.)
ESTATE – CHURCH
LEADERS
ND
2.) 2 ESTATE – GREATER
LORDS
RD
3 ESTATE - COMMONERS
VII. SPAIN
A. FERDINAND AND
ISABELLA
1. UNIFIED SPAIN
THROUGH MARRIAGE AND
WAR
...FERDINAND &
ISABELLA
2. EXPELLED THE MOORS
FROM SPAIN
3. BEGAN EXPANSION OF
SPANISH EMPIRE IN
AMERICAS
4. EXPANSION CONTINUED
UNDER PHILLIP II
NATION STATES
 1.
SPAIN
 2. FRANCE
 3. GERMANY
 4. ENGLAND