Transcript the middle of what? - White Plains Public Schools

THE MIDDLE OF WHAT?
THE PERIOD CALLED THE MIDDLE
AGES IS BETWEEN THE FALL OF
ROME AND THE RENIASSANCE
ABOUT 400 C.E. TO 1400 C.E.
IT’S A PERIOD OF RECOVERY AND
GROWTH,DECLINE, GROWTH
AGAIN…
Where is it?
Civilization comes to parts of Europe
that had been left out of Rome
Germany, Northern Britain,
Scandinavia…
It gradually spreads to cover all of
Western Europe
Changes
Continuities
Crusades
New technologies ( 3 field system, Mold-board
plow)
New trading items (sugar, spices, fruits, textiles)
from “East”
Urbanization ( rise of trading towns and villages)
New banking industries ( joint stock companies,
banking , credit, guilds, monopolies)
Centralization of monarchs
Decline in power of Catholic Church
Magna Carta ( limited power of monarch and
provided written rights and legislative body
known as Parliament)
New weaponry ( longbow, gunpowder
weaponry)
Development of Universities
Some social mobility for peasants (guild,
merchants)
Use of local vernacular ( French,Italian,German
etc.)
Religious conflict (from anti-semitism to
continual conflict with the Muslim world)
Feudalism persists
Manorialism persists
More people still live in rural communities
Roman Catholic Church still incredbly
influental ( sacraments, excommunication,
tithing, Papal infallability)
Wars persisted ( from feudalism to 100
years)
Farming still a mainstay
Social inequalities persisted
Serfdom persisted
Western Europe (except for Iberia) still a
backwaters and centuries behind the
“East”
SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES
THE CENTER MOVES AWAY FROM ROME
NORTHWARD
COMPARD TO THE REST OF THE WORLD
EUROPE WAS PRIMITIVE
MUSLIMS SCORNED THEM AS
‘BARBARIANS’
THIS HELPS EXPLAINS SOME OF THE
CONFLICTS WITH ISLAM
EUROPE BEGAN TO GROW AGAIN
POPULATIONS ROSE
NEW TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED
WATER DRIVEN MILLS, IRON
CASTING
CHRISTIANITY BECAME THE
DOMINANT FAITH, CENTERD IN THE
ROMAN CHURCH
THE CHRUCH WAS THE CENTER OF
LIFE
THE FOCUS WAS ATTAINING
SALVATION
LEARNING WAS RESTRICTED TO THE
CLERGY IN GENERAL
ITALY WAS A FRAGMENTED WEAK
AREA- ROME HAD BEEN SACKED
THE WEST REMAINED VUNERABLE
TO INVASIONS- VIKINGS,
OVERALL, FOR 500 YEARS WESTERN
CULTURE DID NOT ADVANCE AS
FAST AS THE REST OF THE WORLD
THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
MANORIALISM IS AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM
STARTED IN THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE TO INCREASE AGRICULTURE
SERF- PEASANT LEGALLY TIED TO THE LAND
LORDS OWNED THE LAND
SOME ADVANCES
OLD PLOWS REPLACED WITH MOLDBOARDS- CURVED IRON PLOWS
THE THREE-FIELD SYSTEM INCREASES PRODUCTION
IN THE NEW TOWNS LEARNING
INCREASES, UNIVERSITIES GET THEIR
START
THEY STUDY THEOLOGY, LAW,
MEDICINE
THEY BENEFITTED FROM PRESERVED
ROMAN AND GREEK WORKS
FEUDALISM, MONARCHIES, LIMITED GOVERNMENT
FEUDALISM IS A POLITICAL SYSTEM
IT’S BASED ON MILITARY ALLIANCES
RULERS GAVE LAND IN EXCHANGE
FOR SOLDIERS- A FIEF
LORDS CONTROL VASSALS
YOU CAN BE BOTH A LORD TO
SOME, A VASSAL TO SOMEONE ELSE
IT GETS IT START IN FRANCE
IN 1066 IT’S BROUGHT TO ENGLAND
WITH WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR AT
THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS
THE GROWTH OF FEUDAL SOCIETIES
MIRRORED THE SAME SYSTEM IN
PLACE IN CHINA
NOT ALL OF EUROPE HAD STRONG
SYSTEMS
NORTHERN GERMANY, THE LOW
COUNTRIES, AND ITALY REMAINED
FRAGMENTED AND WEAK
1215* IN ENGLAND THE MAGNA
CARTA BEGAN LIMITING ROYAL
POWER
PARLIAMENTS START IN EUROPEVERY LIMITED IN POWER
IN GENERAL MOST PEOPLE HAD
LIMITED RIGHTS
IT WAS A BEGINNING TO LATER
GOVT’S POWER STRUCTURES
THEY WERE LOOKING FOR A
BALANCE OF POWER BETWEEN
LORDS AND VASSALS
THE 100 YEARS WAR
FOUGHT BETWEEN FRANCE AND
ENGLAND
DUAL CLAIMS TO BOTH THRONES
JOAN OF ARC SAVES FRANCE
MEDIEVAL WARFARE CHANGES FOR
GOOD
THE WEST EXPANDS
EUROPE WAS EXPANDING, GROWING
THE CRUSADES
CALLED FOR BY POPE URBAN II
“GOD WILLS IT!”
THEY STIMULATE TRADE, INTEREST
IN LEARNING, NEW TECHNOLOGY
THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
THE 12TH AND 13TH CENTURIES
THEOLOGY
THE CHURCH RELIED ON ANCIENT
LEARNING- ARISTOTLE
FAITH WAS SUPREME OVER REASON
AS SCHOLARS TRANSLATED ANCIENT
TEXTS,LEARNING INCREASED
PEOPLE VENERATED SAINTS,WENT TO
CHURCH, BUT MAGIC AND
SUPERSTITION STILL REMAINED ALIVE
ST THOMAS AQUINAS
SCHOLASTICISM
ART
ART REMAINED CENTERED ON
SALVATION AND THEMES OF RELIGIOUS
FAITH
CATHEDRALS BECOME GIANT CENTERS
OF FAITH AND WORSHIP
TRADE AND TOWNS
MORE PEASANTS ARE GAINING FREEDOM
TOWNS GROWING LARGER BASED ON TRADE STARTED BY THE CRUSADES
BANKING BEGINS- ALLIANCES SUCH AS THE HANSEATIC LEAGUE
CAPITALISM STARTS, COMMERCE IS MOSTLY UNREGULATED, COMPARED TO
OTHER SOCIETIES
SOCIETY CHANGES
LORDS LOSE THEIR MONOLPOLY ON
MAKING WAR
ARISTOCRATS IN EUROPE BECOME MORE
CULTURED, EDUCATED
THE CHURCH LOSES POWER OVER
GOVERNMENTS
PEOPLE LOOK OUTSIDE THE CHURCH
FOR LIFE’S ANSWERS
IN COMPARISON TO ASIA AND
SOUTH ASIA EUROPE REMAINED
BACKWARDS, BUT THEY WERE
MOVING FORWARD
IN POLITICS KINGS POWER GREW
MONEY BEGAN TO TAKE HOLD IN
TRADE
ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY WERE IN
COMPETITION IN MANY AREAS
GOVERNMENTS CENTRALIZED LIKE
IN CHINA
EUROPE WAS TRANSFORMING
ITSELF FROM SMALL STATES TO
LARGE UNIFIED NATIONS
Thesis W Europe COT
Western Europe from 600-1450 oversaw a vast transformation from virtually
primitive economic isolationism to engaging in a commercial revolution, learning
would be renewed in the establishment of markets (cities ) and universities, however
the Catholic church would still hold tremendous sway over the daily lives of people.
Western Europe from 600-1450 would still maintain their feudal bonds albeit kingdoms
would become more centralized and the church would still be the authority on
spiritual and literacy, however the birth of guilds would facilitate a greater trading
force throughout Western Europe and enhance their global economic ties.