Transcript England and France and Everyone else

Alfred the Great Unified
The Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy
England
• King Alfred the Great united the various kingdoms
of England that had been ruled by Anglo-Saxon
kings
• Angles, Saxons, Germanic people were united
Norman Conquest
• 10/4/1066, William of Normandy defeated King Harold of England at
the battle of Hastings
• William was then crowned King of England
• Norman knights received land as a fief and swore allegiance to the
king
• Marriage of French & Anglo-Saxons led to a new English culture
• Normans adopted Anglo-Saxon institutions = office of sheriff, census
called Domesday Book
• William further developed taxation & royal courts
William I, the Conqueror
Brought Norman
Feudalism To England
Henry II
• Henry II enlarged English monarchy
• Expanded the power of the royal courts & king’s power/increased # of
criminal cases tried on the king’s court
• Common law replaced law codes across the kingdom
• Tried to control Church but failed
• Thomas Beckett, archbishop of Canterbury said only Roman Catholic
Church could try clergy
• Four knights murdered Beckett, Henry was outraged & backed down
Magna Carta
• English nobles resented the growth of the king’s power/ rebellion was
raised against King John
• 1215, King John was forced to put his seal on the Magna Carta
• Magna Carta = feudal document, written recognition that the power of
the king was limited
• 13th century, under Edward I = English parliament emerged
• Parliament = 2 knights from every county, 2 people from every town,
and all the bishops & nobles throughout England
John Was
Forced
To Sign the
Magna
Carta in 1215
English Parliament
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Eventually 2 houses were formed
Nobles & church lords formed = House of the Lords
Knights & townspeoples = House of Commons
Parliaments granted taxes & passed laws
Edward I Called a Parliament
Of Lords and Commons
French Kingdom
• Kingdom of France was 1/3 of the former
Carolingian empire
• Hugh Capet was chosen to be king by west Frankish
nobles establishing the Capetian dynasty
• Capetians had little power & only controlled the
land around Paris/ Dukes had more power than
kings
• Phillip II of Augustus = was the turning point in the
French monarchy
• Phillip waged war against England & gained control
of the Normandy, Maine, Anjou, & Aquitaine
French Kingdom
• Phillip II successors continued to add land to the
Kingdom
• 13th century, Louis IX ruled/ deeply religious man
who later made a saint by the Catholic
church/Known for his attempts bring justice to his
people
• Phillip IV, Phillip the Fair, effective in strengthening
the French monarchy & expanding the royal
bureaucracy
• Phillip IV started a French parliament/Estates
General
Philip IV Called the EstatesGeneral to Raise Taxes
Holy Roman Empire
• German kings attempted to rule both German &
Italian lands but struggled to do so
• Frederick’s attempt to conquer northern Italy caused
problems
• Pope opposed him fearing that he wanted to include
Rome & the papal states
• Northern Italian cities did not want to be his subjects
• Alliance of Italian cities & pope defeated Frederick I
in 1176
• Frederick II also waged a war against the pope &
northern cities & lost
East & Central Europe
• Slavic people divided into 3 groups: western,
eastern, & southern Slavs
• Western Slavs formed the Polish & Bohemian
kingdoms
• Poles, Czechs, Hungarians were all converted to
Christianity by German Monks
• Eastern Slavic people were converted to Orthodox
Christianity by two Byzantine missionary brothers;
Cyril & Methodius
• Croats, Serbs, & Bulgarians were converted to
Eastern Orthodoxy
St. Cyril and St. Methodius