Transcript Medieval Kingdoms in Europe

Medieval Kingdoms in Europe
Ch 4, p. 61
Medieval
Europe
Chaos ensues…
Ch 4.1 Vocab
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Feudalism
Vassal
Knight
Fief
Feudal contract
Chivalry
Enabled
Contract
Fall of Carolingian Empire
• Centralized Gov’t.
falls apart b/c:
–Divisions after
Charlemagne’s death
–Viking invasions
Death of Charlemagne
• Carolingian Empire divided into 3 territories
– Fought over by Charlemagne’s grandsons
• Vikings attack!
– Excellent shipbuilders/sailors
– Strong warriors, BERZERKer mode
• Local nobles gained power throughout the
various conflicts
Vikings…sorta trendy
http://www.youtube.com/v/oKiYuIsPxYk
Development of Feudalism
• Pops up b/c:
–Inability of rulers to defend subjects
–Vassalage and knighthood
–Feudal contracts
Feudal Society!
• New social & political system
– Lords control large territories  instead of gov’t.
• Land offered in exchange for sworn allegiance and
other obligations
• Vassals and knights provided military service to their
lords.
• On any other continent this would be known
as a ‘Warring States’ period or Civil War.
Feudalism
• Warfare conducted with localized militias
• Chivalry critical
• Aristocratic women
– Could not hold property, BUT remained in control
of house, accounts, and a large group of servants.
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Structure of Fuedalism
• Local lords were chief political, social,
and economic authorities
– Warriors (incl. knights) were required to pledge loyalty
• In return, warriors received land, food and safety
• Multiple landholders ruling the
land…instead of a centralized gov’t.
Think-Pair-Share!
• How did the introduction of larger horses lead
to the use of heavily armored knights?
OR
• What were some of the ideals of chivalry?
Ch 4.1 Discussion & Review
• The Medieval European relationship btwn lords and
vassals is called…
– Feudalism
• Describe the traits of a chivalrous knight.
– courtesy, fairness, piety, & devotion to honor
• Why was feudalism developed?
– Loss of centralized power
Peasants, Trade & Cities!
Ch 4.2, p. 68
Feudal Society
• What kind of protection would lords
be able to offer to peasants?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q
V7CanyzhZg&feature=plcp
Ch 4.2 Vocab
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Carruca
Manor
Serf
Bourgeoisie
Patrician
New Agriculture
• Allows explosion in population
growth
–Relative peacefulness
–Good climate
–New Farming methods
Agriculture Post-1000AD
• New methods = population growth
– Wind and water tech, reducing human/animal
labor
– Carruca
• Heavy ox-drawn, wheeled plow w/ iron plowshare
–Allowed turning of heavier soil and large-scale
coop farming
– Increased efficiency in land use
• Three-field system instead of two-field
Manorial System
• Manors
– An estate owned by a lord and farmed by peasants, most
of whom were serfs
• Peasants (own land)
– Lived in simple cottages and raised food/made goods for
themselves/lords
• Serfs (indentured servants)
– Work land 4 nobles
• Paid rent
• Subject to nobles’ control
Query
• In what way was manorialism an economic system?
– Exchange of goods and services
• Lord provides land & protection
• Peasants provide labor and share of crops
Growth of Trade
• Money and rise of capitalism!
– Economy based on gold and silver, rather than barter
– Investment for profit begins
• Centers of trade
– Venice & the Mediterranean: cloth, swords, silks, sugar
& spice
– Flanders: wool, furs, tins, hemp, honey
• Hanseatic League
– >100 cities in the Baltic Sea and North Sea areas banded
together for mutual protection/trade
Growth of Trade
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Revival of trade routes
Revitalization and growth of cities
Expansion of merchant & artisan classes
Increase in manufacturing &
consumption of goods
• Increase in TAXES, money & banking
Urbanization
• Revival of old Roman cities
• Freedom from Lords
– Buy land with trade
• Conditions
– Walls, unsanitary, lots of men
• Industry/guilds
– Manufacturing led to organized labor
Guild House in Stormwind, WoW
Townsppl Gain Power
• Ruling class sell liberties to ppl who could pay
• Unique laws
– Right to buy/sell prop.
– Freedom from military service to lord
– Personal freedom
– Escaped serfs who lived in the town received
freedom for year and one day
WoW Dance Party
Think-Pair-Share
• What events during the Middle Ages led
to a growth of cities?
OR
• How did new farming methods benefit
Europe in the Middle Ages?
Major Changes in Europe
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Growth in population
Stability achieved by manorial system
Revival of trade
Explosion of cities  some become very
strong
Town Charters
• Disparity in power btwn state and towns
– Nobles decide to grant charters to keep towns
under control
• Some last for hundreds of years
Ch 4.2 Discussion & Review
• What is the vocab word for a heavy wheeled plow
w/ an iron plowshare?
– Carruca
• What was a long term result of ppl living in walled
cities?
– Basic freedoms for sale
• How did the Hanseatic League benefit Northern
Europe?
– Protecting trade and promoting economic dev.
Growth of Euro Kingdoms
aka prepare for a random
assortment of cultures from the
Middle Ages
Ch 4.3, p. 73
Ch 4.3 Vocab
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Common law
Magna Carta
Parliament
Estate
England in High Middle Ages
1000-1300
• William of Normandy defeats English
–Battle of Hastings
–Becomes KING
• Lands to Norman knights, makes everyone swear
loyalty
• Adopts existing Anglo-Saxon institutions
–Merging of French and Anglo languages creates
new English language
Norman Conquest of England
• New Anglo-Saxon culture
– Nobles had to swear loyalty to William as sole
ruler of England
– Norman knights given fiefs
– Current-day institutions made by Normans:
• Sheriff’s office
• System of taxation
• Royal courts
– Ruling class spoke French
Henry II and John
• Henry II
– Increased the power of the monarchy
• Expanding control of courts
– But not able to suppress the power of the Church
• King John
– Seals the Magna Carta
• Recognizing the rights of nobles, monarchy limited
–Eventually leads to a Parliament under reign of
Edward I
http://www.youtube.com/v/H3r9bOkY
W9s
Development of English Law & Gov’t.
France in High Middle Ages
• Philip II Augustus
– Regains control from England
• Louis IX
– Super religious, into justice
• Philip IV
– Expanded gov’t., created French parliament
• Estates-General
French Fashion
• Groovy link on French Fashion through the
ages:
– http://www.etsy.com/listing/83625151/fashionhistory-folk-clothes-antiquity
Query
• Contrast English/French rulers with the
German rulers of the High Middle Ages.
– English and French kings strengthened their
monarchies by expanding territories AND
controlling nobles….(Magna Carta)
• BUT German emperors dropped the ball with nobles
Holy Roman Empire
• Otto I, a German king, creates the Holy
Roman Empire
– Pope names Otto emperor of the Romans, AD
962
• In exchange for Otto’s protection of the church
Holy Roman Empire
• Later, in Italy
– Emperors Fredrick I and Fredrick II wanted to
expand into Italy for land/revenue
• Creates power vacuum back home in Germany
–German nobles build small German states….
• Holy Roman Empire fails to control
Germany or Italy.
Central and Eastern Europe
• Split in Slavic Kingdoms
– Western slavs
eventually become
Polish/Western
Christian
– Eastern/Southern slavs
separate and become
Catholic or Eastern
Orthodox
Think-Pair-Share
• Why do you think the various Slavic kingdoms
split religiously?
Mongols Attack!
• Overrun Russia in 1200s
• Prince Alexander Nevsky
defends Russia, for
Mongols vs. Germans
– Mongol khan rewards
Nevsky with title ‘Grand
Prince’
– His descendants become
leaders of Russia
Sign of the Order of Saint Nevsky
Monument in
Saint Petersburg
• Also:
– Movies
– Books
– Graphic Novel
– Soviet Propaganda
Ch 4.3 Discussion & Review
• What was the charter that codified the rights
of Kings and vassals?
– Magna Carta
• T/F: a parliament is a representative gov’t.
– True…in that nobles have their opinions
represented
• The Holy Roman Empire stemmed from which
European state?
– Germany