Transcript II. Castles
Feudal Society Ch. 24 500AD------------------1500AD Downfall of Rome Middle Ages Modern Ages CONSTRUCTING THE PYRAMID OF POWER KING LOYALTY AND SERVICE LAND POWERFUL NOBLES LAND AND PROTECTION LOYALTY AND MILITARY SERVICE LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS) LABOR PROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN • I. Land and Government – People traded land for security – Feudal territories develop • Nobles own land and build castles. Peasants work the land – Lords and Vassals • Act of Homage made alliance official • Vassals serve lords • Protection • Ransom, etc. II. Medieval CastlesHow would you attack one? How bout this one? • Castle Siege – Siege weapons • Battering ram • Ballista • Mangonel • Trebuchet • Siege tower – Dig under walls – Starve them out • Castle Defenses – Location – Outer wall – Inner wall – Moat – Drawbridge – Portcullis – Towers merlons – Arrow loops – Keep View of front of a castle View of the layout of a castle from above. • Go to Assignment Worksheet Castle Life • Classes – Kings – Nobles <> • Land owners • Governed the manor and collected taxes • Maintained order • Served the king – Peasants • Worked the land for nobles • Lived in huts • Life was difficult – Townspeople • New middle class emerging • Problems facing Medieval people – Enemies – Famine – Plague • Bubonic – Killed 60 % of people who contracted it – Swollen glands, red blotches on skin, fever – Transmitted via fleas • Pneumonic – 100% fatal if untreated – Affects lungs and suffocate – Transmitted via air • Septicemic – 100% fatal – Disseminated intravascular coagulation Key questions There are 3 questions that will be asked during the course of the lesson; 1. 2. 3. What is the “Black Death”? What caused the Black Death? What were the consequences? What were the symptoms of the plague? What caused the plague? The question that you are probably thinking is this; Q: Who or what caused the Black Death? A: This is your answer! The Oriental Rat Flea! Medieval cure number 1 The swellings should be softened with figs and cooked onions. The onions should be mixed with yeast and butter. Then open the swellings with a knife. Medieval cure number 2 Take a live frog and put its belly on the plague sore. The frog will swell up and burst. Keep doing this with further frogs until they stop bursting. Some people say that a dried toad will do the job better. Video of the Plague – 25 min. • Video of the Plague – 5 min. • Entertaining video of plague Medieval(Middle Age) vs Modern Age Compare life in the Middle Ages to life today. There certainly were differences! III. Knights • Training – Page- age 7 • Sent to live with his fathers Lord • Ran errands • Cared for war horses and armor • Waited on the lord and his lady – Squire- age 15 • Trained to fight • Accompanies lord into battle • Knighting ceremony – Hair would be cut to remind him to be humble -Bath and cleanse themselves -Dinner -Lay their weapons at the altar -Prayer -Morning the dubbing ceremony • Code of Chivalry- rules of behavior – Obey the church – Obey the lord – Respect women of noble birth – Show bravery – Help the needy • Coat of Arms – Was worn by knights – Recognized in battles – Became very elaborate •Is Absolute Power good or bad? •What was the Magna Carta? How did the Magna Carta Come About? • Many lords/nobles were unhappy with the rule • of King John. John had– – – – Raised taxes on them numerous times Stole lands from them Stole lands from the church People unjustly put in prison • A group of nobles rebelled and made him sign the Magna Carta Magna Carta • The king must not interfere with the Church • When a baron inherits land he should pay the king no • • • • • • more than £100 The king cannot collect new taxes unless the barons and bishops agree No freeman can be put in prison without trial by a jury Justice will be without delays or bribes Traders must be able to travel freely without having to pay tolls The King’s men must not take anyone’s goods without paying for them. As soon as peace is restored, all foreign merchants should leave the country. Why is the Magna Carta Important? • Set the precedent that no one is above the law, not even a king • Guaranteed people certain rights or protections against the government • Became the basis for many legal documents for Western Countries…………… …………….. our US Constitution! Video- 8 minutes