Transcript The Growth of Monarchies

The Growth of Monarchies
1st Block
Monday, March 19th
The English Monarch and Anglo- Saxon
England
• First country in Europe to develop a strong
central monarchy.
• Anglo-Saxons are the first to unify the country.
• Normans conquered the Anglo-Saxons.
• Anglo-Saxons of England were divided into
seven small kingdoms.
• Vikings invaded England, and conquered a few
kingdoms, but not all of England.
The Norman Conquest
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1066,king died without an heir
Harold claimed the throne
William became jealous, sailed to England to claim the throne
They both fought with William winning the fight
William was known as william the conqueror
He divided England into fiefs, created New England
Ordered a survey to find out how much to tax
Survies were collected in the domesday book, used to create a central tax
systeem
• French culture was introduced nto england
• Most of lower classes kept the Anglo-Saxon language and habits
• Link to french culture would last for centuries
The English in France
• The kings who followed king William gained
even more power as they gained land. Mainly
in France
• His descendants were known as Dukes of
Normandy, so they ruled that region of France
• Henry II was a descendant of William
• Married Eleanor of Aquitane, powerful French
duchess. They ruled all of England and half of
France together
The Magna Carta
• Nobles feared that kings would abuse their powers and take away the
nobles rights
• The nobles concerns reached a crisis point in 1215 under King John
• Magna Carta was a document outlining nobles rights
• Nobles forced King John to accept the document
• King had to obtain and have the consent of the nobles before raising taxes
• Also ended the kings ability to arrest and punish people without cause or
take their property without following legal procedures
• The Magna Carta set forth ideas about limiting government & executive
power
• Suggested that even kings were not above the law
• People considered the Magna Carta one of the most important historical
documents in the formation of modern democracies
Parliamant
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After the Magna Carta the nobles were still not satisfied
The king constantly asking for approval
Nobles started another rebellion in the 1260s
King wanted to raise the taxes to fund wars and is debt
Parliament the governing body
For several years the powers of parliament remained
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• King Edward I clarified the role of Parliament
• With the help of Parliament Edward strengthened of
England's central government and reformed system of laws
Other European Monarchs and France
• Kings in other European countries experience’s were
very different from English rulers
• Noble had more power than kings, and they started
ignoring the kings
• In the mid-900s, a family called Capetians extended
power of their monarchy throughout France
• Managed and named after Hugh Capet
• Sometimes fought locals and sometimes formed
allegiances
• In 1300, Capetians ruled most of France
Holy Roman Empire
• Empire spit into 2 parts- western part became
France and the eastern part became Germany.
-France remained under one king.
-Germany separated into several small states.
-Each state had its own ruler known as a Duke.
• Called Holy Roman Empire because it had the
pope’s support.
Spain and Portugal
• Both Spain and portugal were conquered by the
Muslims in 700s during the civil war the Muslim Spain
weakened Moorish leaders (Muslims)
• Castile the leader of Reconquistia (reconquest),
captured Moors’ city of Toledo, inspiring Argon and
Portugal tp join. The 3 Iberian kingdoms drove Moors
out of their lands and established kingdom Portugal.
• Argon and Castile went on Pushing Moors almost all
the way out of Sapin, stayed all the way out of Sapin
stayed in Granada (protected by the mountains.