Transcript Middle Ages
New! Vocabulary BellRinger Vocabulary Weekly Quiz on Friday Define: Classical Renaissance technology Steelers V. Texans = Texans MIDDLE AGES 500-1500 MIDDLE AGES FEUDALISM ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH & THE CRUSADE KING JOHN & THE MAGNA CARTA MIDDLE AGES Middle Ages- the period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. The transition period between the ancient and modern worlds. Europeans began to use a government called feudalism. Feudalism is a new government that provides protection for people. This type of government developed in the Byzantine Empire. FEUDAL SOCIETY • Top- the monarch (all the land belonged to him) King = Mr. Tate Lords = Mrs. Todd and Mrs. Robinson Knights = Ms. Muse Serfs = YOU Lords He gave land to nobles who were loyal to him. This land was called fiefs because they were gifts from the king (but actually they had to pay yearly on the land). Nobles, also known as lords, owed the monarch loyalty and in time of war, they had to raise an army of knights and soldiers to defend the monarch. KNIGHTS • Below the nobles were knights. • Knights received land from the nobles and owed them loyalty in return. • The knights also had to defend their lord and his lands against attack, as well as pay yearly for the land. SERFS • Serfs were the lowest class in European society. • They owed both loyalty and labor to the nobles, their lords. • Serfs also had to pay yearly rent to their lords. • Serfs were not slaves, but the lord had absolute control over the serfs. They had to ask permission to leave the land. Chivalry In the later Middle Ages, knights adopted a code of conduct called chivalry, which required them to be 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Brave, Loyal, True to their word, Protect the unprotected Fair in warfare, Merciful & generous to enemies. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH • Other than the Muslims in Spain and groups of Jews, everyone else in Western Europe was a member of the Roman Catholic Church. • Church teachings helped people accept the hardships of their life on Earth. – People endured cruel lords, unjust laws, and poor living conditions. – They believed that such hardships would earn them entry to heaven. As a result, the Middle Ages was not a time of rebellions and revolutions. THE CRUSADES • Christian rulers of Europe organized crusades to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims. – The Holy Land was the name that Christians gave Jerusalem and the parts of Palestine where Jesus had lived. CAUSES OF THE CRUSADE • At times, the pope was more powerful than the monarch. The pope thought that a crusade, or great campaign, would be a way to stop the constant warfare among Europeans. • The pope promised forgiveness of sins and everlasting salvation to those who died fighting the Muslims. RESULT OF THE CRUSADE • There were 8 Crusades total. – The first four was successful and gained lost of territory in the Middle East. – The last four resulted in loss of territory that they had gained in the first four. – End: the Muslims were again in control of the Holy land. EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES 1. Italian cities became wealthy from the Crusades because they brought back loads of luxury goods from Southwest Asia = trading increased. 2. Other Europeans gained interest in travel and seeing faraway places. Many wanted to find a sea route to Asia. 3. Persecution of Jews increases, and Muslims were attacked as unbelievers as well. 4. Bubonic Plague • Disease carried by rodents. • • Caused the Black Death that killed 75 million people or 30-60% of the European Population INCREASE IN TRADE 1. INCREASING TRADE • Trade started to increase because invasions ended and local warfare among nobles died down. • People worked together to build wealth and trading centers, thus more cities were built. • In the late Middle Ages, people began the money economy, trading gold or silver coins. – People began to borrow money and make loans. – Capitalism started, which is system where a person would produce something solely to make a profit. GUILDS • A result of the growth of trade was the growth of cities. • Merchants would settle in the new cities, which caused craftworkers to follow. • Merchants and craftworkers needed each other to make a profit, which this union was called a guild. • Guilds set the quality of the product, working hours, and prices for goods. • Guilds trained young people to become masters through an apprenticeship (7 years) and then journeyman, then maybe a master. RISE OF MIDDLE CLASS • Remember: there were two basic feudal classes --> nobles and serfs. • The development of towns and cities resulted in the birth of middle class, which was made up of merchants, traders, and craftworkers. • The middle class eventually grew in size, wealth, and power. ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH • First, the England and France developed as nation-states during the medieval period. Nation-state is a large area of land ruled by a single government. • William the Conqueror and his forces invaded England in 1066. They were from Normandy France. • Their Viking ancestors had invaded France in the 900s and settled in the area that became known as Normandy. • Million $ Question: What region did the Vikings originally come from? THE MAGNA CARTA I, King John, accept that I have to govern according to the law. So I agree: 1. Not to imprison nobles without trial 2. That trials must be in courts; not held in secret by me 3. To have fair taxation for the nobles 4. To let freemen travel wherever they like 5. Not to interfere in Church matters 6. Not to seize crops without paying for them …. and lot more things too!! Magna Cart Video Clip WHY REMEMBER THIS? • When the Magna Carta was first signed, the rights did not apply to all (only nobles, then “free man” which applied to fewer than half of the English population.) • The Magna Carta was carried on to the American colonies. • When America became a nation, the principles of the Magna Carta became part of the legal system of the United States. REVIEW • What was so new about Magna Carta for English kings? • At the time, Magna Carta was not designed to help everybody. What kind of people were not helped by the charter? • How did the Magna Carta help lead the way for Democracy?