Transcript the-rise-of-medieval-europe

The Rise of Medieval
Europe
World History
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I. The Rise of Medieval Europe
A. Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
1. Son of Pepin the Short
2. Doubled the size of his kingdom –
a.k.a.
Frankish Empire
a. Germany
b. France
c. Northern Spain & Northern Italy
3. Defended the Pope against Roman
nobles
a. Pope Leo crowns Charlemagne the
Roman Emperor
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1. sets a precedent – church
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4. Relied on counts and royal messengers to
assist
him
5. Died in 814 A.D.
a. Louis the Pious’ (son) grandsons fought
one
another for control
b. Treaty of Verdun divides the empire
between
the sons
1. France - Charles the Bald
2. Germany – Louis the German
3. Lothair – North Sea to Italy
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Louis the German
Charles the Bald
No hair & lots of hair
Lothair
Get it?
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B. The Vikings - raiders from Scandinavia
a. used long, deckless, one sail ships with
long oars
1. were ocean worthy and shallow
enough for river travel
b. became known for surprise
attacks and speedy retreats
1. would plunder, steal, and burn
c. motivated by adventure, riches,
and an
overpopulated homeland
2. Were ferocious fighters and showed no
mercy
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3. Were explorers and settlers
a. North Atlantic - Greenland, Iceland, &
North
America
b. Europe – England, Normandy (NW
France),
Ukraine, & Russia
4. Effects of Viking raids on Europe
a. isolated European communities
b. severely weakened the central authority of
monarchs
c. trade decline led to economic collapse
d. nobles and local officials take over local
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defense
Leif Ericson
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C. Feudalism – political relationship between
nobles
1. Emerges in the A.D. 900s as a result of
Viking (& others) raids - Arabs &
Magyars
(Hungarians) too
2. Highly decentralized form of government
a. alliances of mutual protection
between
monarchs & nobles
b. land given to nobles in exchange for
loyalty & military aid
1. raised armies & dispensed justice
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c. peasants farmed the land
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3. Fiefs – estates with peasants
4. Vassal – a noble who served a lord of a
next higher rank
a. most important obligation was
military service (knights served)
b. also served in the lord’s court,
provided food & lodging,
contributed funds, and paid ransom
5. Castles built for defense – every noble
– a. built of stone on a hill w/moat, keep, hall,
–
dungeon, & bailey
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D. The Manorial System – economic system of
agricultural production
1. Peasants worked the land in exchange
for
the lord’s protection
2. Manor – estate that produced
everything its
residents needed
3. Serfs – peasants bound to the land
4. Provided a stable and secure way of life
5. Agricultural production increased with the
three field system and the mold board
plow
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E. Catholic Church – dominant spiritual influence
of
western Europe
1. Pope – became the strongest political
leader
in western Europe
a. claimed spiritual authority over all
Christians
2. Administered sacraments - baptism,
penance, Eucharist (communion),
confirmation, matrimony, anointing of the
sick, and holy orders
– 3. Monasteries/monks & convents/nuns
a. took vows of poverty, chastity, and
obedience
b. provided schools, hospitals, food,17 &
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4. Catholicism spread to England, northern
Germany, Ireland
5. Nobles influence church policies through
appointments (investiture)
6. Call for church reform because of scandal
and corruption
a. drunkenness, feasting, & dancing
among
the clergy
b. heresy increased – conversion and
excommunication used
7. Inquisition (mainly in Spain)– for seeking
and punishing heretics
a. confess or be punished (imprisonment,
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F. Jews – lived peacefully with Christians until
1000s
1. Anti-Semitism develops
a. seen as outsiders and as a threat
b. blamed for plagues, famines, and
other
social problems
c. blamed for Jesus’ death
d. resented for not converting to
Christianity
e. forced to wear badges and live in
separate communities
f. could not own land & practice certain
trades
1. became peddlers, merchants, or
money
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lenders
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G. England – native Celts defeated by Germanic
Angles
1. Alfred the Great unites Anglo-Saxon
kingdoms & defeats Vikings
2. Norman Conquest (1066)
a. William the Conqueror wins at Battle
of
Hastings
3. Magna Carta (1215) – King John signs
a. placed clear limits on royal power
b. consent of Great Council (Parliament)
needed to tax
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H. France – strong monarchy develops
1. Capetian dynasty, Philip Augustus,
Louis IX, & Philip IV
I. Holy Roman Empire (Germany & Northern
Italy)
1. King Otto I crowned Holy Roman
Emperor by Pope John XII (962)
2. Problems
a. wars - powerful German lords prevent
a
strong unified state
b. disputes between Holy Roman
emperors
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& Catholic Popes
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J. Crusades
1. First Crusade – called by Pope Urban
II which captured Jerusalem
2. Second Crusade – called by St. Bernard of
Clairvaux that was a dismal failure
3. Third Crusade – led by King Richard the
Lionhearted to recapture the city of
Jerusalem from Islamic forces led by
Saladin; failed in attempt
4. Fourth Crusade – Crusaders attack and
sack
Constantinople
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5. Motivated by reunification of
Christendom, desire for land, adventure,
riches, religious fervor, feudalism,
chivalry, and forgiveness of sins
 6. Impact: increase in trade, cultural
diffusion, Byzantine Empire weakened,
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legacy of bitterness/hatred, decline of
feudalism, lessened power of pope
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