Transcript Middle Ages - Lesson # 3 - Religion & Politics

Unit # 3 – Middle Ages
Lesson # 3: Catholic Power
Objective
and Bell Ringer
Rome Falls
Feudalism Begins
Christianity Spreads
Cities and Towns
Grow
Trade Increases
The Crusades are
Fought
• Bell Ringer: Complete “Feudalism Begins”
portion of the Flow Chart (see above if missed
class). Describe the Feudal System in this box.
• Objective: Assess how the Christian religion became a
political force by justifying claims of its power
• “Power of the Church” Reading and Assignment
Remember from yesterday…
• What was feudalism?
▫ Political and social system where land was
exchanged for loyalty, military service, etc.
• Who was at the top of the feudal pyramid?
▫ Lords
• Who was in the middle of the feudal pyramid?
▫ Knights
• Who was at the bottom of the feudal pyramid?
▫ Serfs
RISE OF EUROPEAN NATIONSTATES
THE GROWTH OF MONARCHIES
England
• Invaded by Angles and Saxons in the 5th
century
▫ The seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms remained
independent and separate for several
centuries
• William the Conqueror and the Norman
Invasion
▫ In 1066 the English king dies without an heir
and two men claim the throne
 Harold – an Anglo-Saxon nobleman
 William – Duke of Normandy and distant
relative to the king
 The English nobility name Harold as their
new king
 William feels cheated and decides to take
the throne by force
▫ Oct. 14th, 1066 – William of Normandy lands
with his army on the shores of England
 Harold, who had just defeated an army of
a Viking leader who also wanted to be
king of England, marches south to fight
William
 William defeats King Harold at the Battle
of Hastings and becomes the new king
 He is now known as William the
Conqueror
▫ One of the first things William does as king
was to claim all the land in England as his
 He divided the land into fiefs and gave it
to his Norman knights as a reward
 These new nobles owed William their
▫ William and the Normans introduced French
culture into England
 French becomes the language of the
nobility and the court
 Only lower classes and peasants speak
English
▫ Domesday Book – census taken on where
people lived, what they owned, and how much
they could afford to pay in taxes
 William used this to create a central tax
system
• Henry II
▫ Enlarged the power of the monarchy and
expanded royal courts
▫ Body of common law replaced varying local
codes
• King John and the Magna Carta
▫ Many nobles started to fear that the kings
would abuse their powers and take away
nobles’ rights
▫ King John was fighting a war, in which he lost
almost all of England’s French holdings, and
needed money
 He placed a new tax on the nobility
 The nobles refused to pay and instead
rebelled against their king
 King John is defeated on the battlefield
▫ He is forced to sign the Magna Carta – “Great
Charter”
 Gives rights to the nobles that the king can’t
take away and places limits on the king’s
power
 King can no longer arrest and punish people
Magna Carta
Influence
of the Magna Carta
Early English Monarchy-Shifts in
Power
Anglo-Saxon
England 400800 C.E.
Normans
English
Parliament
• Descendants of Angles and Saxons invaded
then Vikings invaded
• Norman Conquest by William the Conqueror
• Land given for fiefs and taxes collected
• Henry II ignored feudal system and took
control of properties, created army
• Edward I
▫ Another rebellion by nobles in the 1260s led to
the foundation of a council that eventually
developed into Parliament
 it included nobles, clergy members, and
representatives from every county and
town
 Had the power to create new taxes and
advise the king on lawmaking
▫ The Parliament had two houses
 House of Lords
 House of Commons
France
• In 843 the Treaty of Verdun had divided the
Carolingian Empire
▫ The west Frankish land formed the core of
France
▫ However the kings after Charlemagne did not
rule much territory at all
 Mostly limited to the area around Paris
and Orleans
▫ Most of France was in the hands of powerful
nobles, including the king of England
 These nobles owned more land and had
more power than the king and ruled as
they pleased
• Philip II Augustus
▫ His rule was the turning point in the growth of
the French monarchy
▫ He took back French territories from war
▫ Increased the income and power of the French
monarchy
• Philip IV the Fair
▫ Began the first French parliament, the EstatesGeneral
▫ Meeting of the three estates (classes)
 First Estate = clergy
 Second Estate = nobles
 Third Estate = commoners
Holy Roman Empire
• This was the German area and had been the
eastern part of Charlemagne’s empire
▫ It was divided into numerous small states,
ruled over by dukes and princes
• Otto I – best known Saxon king
▫ Was crowned Emperor of the Romans for
protecting the pope
▫ The territories united under Otto became
known as the Holy Roman Empire
 Called holy because it had the pope’s
support
 Called Roman because Charlemagne had
held the title Emperor of the Roman
People when he ruled that area
▫ The Holy Roman Emperors made decisions
and passed laws with the help of the dukes and
princes
 These dukes and princes maintained full
authority in their own lands
▫ Starting in the 1100s, Holy Roman Emperors
no longer inherited their titles, but were
elected
 Seven Electors had the right to elect the
new emperor
Map/Image
Spain
• Spain had been conquered by Muslims in the
700s
▫ Called Moors by the Christians
• These Christian states embarked on a series of
campaigns to retake their lands from the
Muslims
▫ Called the Reconquista = reconquest
▫ It was led by the largest of the Christian
kingdoms, Castile
▫ These Christian kingdoms won victory after
victory over the Moors
▫ In the 1100s Portugal was able to completely free
itself
▫ The last Muslim stronghold was defeated in
1492 with the defeat of Granada
• A major step in unifying Spain occurred with
the marriage of Isabella of Castile and
Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469
▫ They pursued a strict policy of conformity to
Catholicism
▫ 1492 – all professed Jews were expelled from
Spain, followed by the Muslims
▫ To be Spanish was to be Catholic
RUSSIA
• In the early 13th century the Mongols, led by
Genghis Khan, invaded Russia
▫ The Mongols left local princes in control, but
require them to pay tribute
▫ Russia was isolated from the rest of Europe
due to Mongol rule
• Russia was eventually freed from foreign
domination in 1480
ROLE OF THE CHURCH
System of Organization
• Christianity had become the main religion of
the Roman Empire
▫ Spread to other parts of Europe
• The Church developed a system of
organization
▫ Priest was the head of a local community
called a parish
▫ The pope was the head of the entire Roman
Catholic
▫ Monk – a man who separates himself from
everyday life to dedicate himself entirely to
God, lives in a monastery run by an abbot
 Spent lots of time in prayer and physical
labor, took a vow of poverty
 Monks worked to spread Christianity
throughout Europe
 Called missionaries = people sent out to
carry a religious message
▫ Women who dedicated themselves to God were
called nuns and lived in convents
▫ Used the interdict to exercise his powers
 An interdict forbids priests to give the
sacraments (Christian rites) to a
particular group of people
-Could also excommunicate people = to
cast out of the church
Heresy and The Inquisition
• Heresy = denial of basic Church doctrines, or
beliefs that opposed the official teachings of
the Church
▫ People who committed heresy were called
heretics and were usually burned at the stake
• The Inquisition was a court created by the
Catholic Church to find and try heretics
▫ The Spanish Inquisition was the most brutal
and was still operating in the 1800s
Decline of Church Power
• Over time Popes became corrupt and used
their position for wealth and power
• The Great Schism divided Europe
religiously and damaged the reputation of
the Church
▫ This was a time when there were two
popes, both claiming power
Review - Power of the Church
• Remember Charlemagne?
▫ Ruled from 771 – 814
▫ Two goals: Unite his kingdom and convert to
Christianity
▫ Built schools
 Translated the bible, formalized education,
advocated for literacy, standardized language
▫ Standardized coins
▫ Crowned emperor by the Pope
Power of the Church
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•
•
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Evidence: Charlemagne
What was Charlemagne’s role in Europe?
What did the Pope do to Charlemagne?
Who is more powerful: Charlemagne or the
Pope?
Power of the Church
• Read “Power of the Church”
• After reading, write as many questions and
answers as you can about the reading.
• Questions should be:
▫ Yes/No
▫ True/False
▫ Provable answers
Stump the Student Rules
They are simple!
Each person will have 2:00 to ask questions of the
other person.
▫ The person ASKING the questions tally marks
his/her “Stumps” (2 points each)
▫ The person ANSWERING the question tally marks
his/her “Corrects” (1 point each)
After 2:00, the next person will ask the questions
The Christian Religion
• We are going to practice outlining
• Read the first two paragraphs of this reading
I.
Identify the Main Point of each paragraph
A.
Identify two sub points of each paragraph
• Follow this format for the entire reading
True or False
Determine whether each statement is true or false.
Provide evidence from the textbook to support
your conclusion.
1. The Roman Empire did not help the Church become
widespread across Europe.
2. The Catholic Church was very powerful.
3. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Catholic
Church hurt the stability of the region.
4. Excommunication and Interdicts were ineffective at
curbing bad behavior from the people.
5. Pax Dei and Treuga Dei existed to create peace.
Exit Ticket
Answer the following question on the sheet
provided:
Why was the Catholic Church able to provide
stability during the Middle Ages?