Transcript Presentation1 - MsRodolicoHistory

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Monarchs, nobles, and the church
-Monarchs were the head of society, but relied on vassals for military
support.
-both nobles and the church had their own court, collected their own taxes,
and fielded their own armies.
-Monarchs expanded the royal domain and set up a system of royal justice
that undermined feudal or church courts.
Strong monarchs in England
-in 1066 King Edward died without on heir
-a council of nobles chose his brother in-law heir
to rule.
-Duke William also claimed the throne.
Norman Conquest
-Duke William raised an army and won the backing of the Pope.
-At the Battle of Hastings, Duke William and his Norman Knights triumphed
over Harold.
- On Christmas day, Duke William assumed the crown of England.
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Growth of the Royal Power
- Duke William granted fiefs to the Church and his Norman Lords
but also kept a large amount of land for himself.
- He had a Census called the Doomsday Book, which listed every castle, field and pigpen in
England.
- In formation from the Doomsday Book, helped Duke William build an efficient system of tax
collecting.
-Duke William successor created the royal exchequer or treasury, to collect taxes.
A Unified legal system.
-King Henry II, inherited the throne in 1154. He set up common law , a legal system based on
customs and court rulings.
- When traveling justices visited an area, local officials collected a jury or group of men sworn to
speak the truth.
Conflict with the Church
-Henry’s efforts to extend the royal power led to a dispute between
Henry Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury.
-After four of King Henry’s Knights murdered the Archbishop of
Canterbury to make peace with the Church Henry eased his
attempts to regulate his clergy.
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Evolving Traditions of English Government
-After English rulers repeatedly clashed with the nobles and the
Church, battles developed as a result of effort by the Monarch to
raise taxes or impose royal authority over tradition feudal
rights.
John’s Troubles
- Henry‘s son John faced three powerful enemies: King Philip II of
- France, Pope Innocent III, and his own nobles.
-John suffered a set back when he lost a war with Pope Innocent III and
had to give up English held lands.
-When John rejected the Popes nominee for Archbishop, the Pope
excommunicated him and placed England under the interdict. To
save
himself and his crown he accepted a fief of the papacy and paid
and yearly
fee to Rome.
The Magna Carta
- A Group of rebellious barons cornered John and forced him to sign
Magna
Carta, or The Great Charter.
- In this document the King affirmed a long list of feudal rights.
-the magna carta contained 2 important ideas that would shape
government
traditions in England.
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Development of parliament
-in keeping with the magna carta, English rulers often called
a great
council for advice this body evolved into a
parliament.
-later , this assembly became known as the model parliament
because it set
up the France work for England’s legislature.
Successful monarchs in France
-monarchs in France did not rule over a unified kingdom.
The Capetians
-feudal nobles elected Hugh Capet to fill the vacant throne.
-he had hid heirs make the throne hereditary passing it from
throne to
throne.
-added to their land by playing rival nobles against each
other, also won
support of the church.
-the capetians built a bureaucracy and government officials
collected taxes
and imposed royal laws over the kings
domain.
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Phillip Augustus
-Phillip Augustus was a shrewd and able ruler.
-instead of appointing nobles to fill government positions, he used paid
middle class officials who would owe their loyalty to him.
-he granted new charters to many towns, he organized a standing army,
and introduced a new national tax.
-before his death in 1223 he had become the most powerful ruler in Europe.
Louis IX, king and saint
-King Louis IX was generous, noble, and devoted to justice and chivalry.
-within 30 years of his death he was declared a saint.
-he was a deeply religious man.
-persecuted heretics and Jews and led thousands of French knights in 2
wars against Muslims.
-his enormous personal prestige helped create a strong national feeling
among his subjects.
Phillip IV clashes with the pope.
-ruthlessly extended royal power.
-in efforts to collect new taxes led to clash with pope Boniface VIII
-pope forbade Phillip to tax so he responded by threats to arrest any clergy
who didn’t pay.
• The estate general
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-during struggle with pope Phillip
rallied French support by setting up
estates.
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-the estate general didn’t develop
same role as the English parliament did.