Transcript Chapter 8.1 ppt

Chapter 8.1
Royal Power Grows
• Medieval monarchs
struggled for power
w/ nobles and
churchmen.
• They slowly built the
framework for the
nation-states of
today
Ch. 8 vocab
King John 1
Lay investiture 2
Reconquista 3
Scholasticism 4
Vernacular 4
King Louis IX 1
Frederick Barbarossa 2
crusades 3
Illumination 4
Epidemic 5
What we’ll learn
Monarchs (Kings)
gain power from
Nobles and the church
England becomes
powerful, FR too
English King has to
share power w/ nobles
Why?
Where did countries
come from?
Why didn’t monarchs
have unlimited power?
Essential Q: how do Monarchs gain
power from nobles and the Church?
Objective
To learn about:
Monarchs (Kings) gain power from
Nobles and the church
England becomes powerful, FR too
English King has to share power w/
nobles—Magna Carta
This is important b/c…..
The US legal system has many of the
components of these early European
systems:
• Habeas corpus, due process of law
• Congress
• Juries, Grand Juries
• Limited authority of govt. officials
FQ #1 Thursday, 10/10
Tell me about the Magna Carta
Who signed it? When?
Why did he sign it?
What did it signify?
See teacher tube video—from
AIHE—titled Magna Carta, 6 min.
FQ: What’s your “currency?”
• What skills and abilities are required for
you to be successful? There are many.
• Think of the skills needed in a career, in
society, in your family, in a relationship…
• Mine include: patience, knowledge,
mental toughness, fitness, high energy,
sense of humor, etc.
Focus Q:
• How much time do you spend thinking
about conflict? How’s this make you feel?
• Does thinking about conflict impact you
positively or negatively?
• How does this impact your thoughts?
• How does this impact your actions?
• If you could, would you think about
conflict less?
The Rise of European
Monarchies:
England
What’s a
Monarch?
Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church
1. In the early middle ages, monarchs are at
the top of society, but had limited power.
2. Sometimes nobles or the church had
more power
3. Nobles and the church:
–Have armies, collect taxes, have their own
courts
Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church
Monarchs get more power by:
–Set up royal courts
–Organize govt. bureaucracies
–Develop tax systems
–Build armies
–***Strengthen ties w/ townspeople of the
middle class—they support rulers who
imposed peace needed for successful
trade***
English Kings Strengthen
Their Power
1. In the 400s and 500s, Anglo-Saxons conquer
most of the area of Britain
2. 1066, rule is contested—Harold vs. William
(the Conqueror), Duke of Normandy
3. William the Conqueror wins at the Battle of
Hastings (1066)
William the Conqueror expands
power
1. Kept much land for himself—granted some fiefs to
the church, nobles
***W the C Required each vassal to swear
allegiance to him***
1. 1086—census taken—published in Domesday
Book
– ***Helped him develop tax system*** and later a
royal treasury (exchequer)
William the Conqueror
Review Q
Why did ties between rulers
(kings) and the middle class get
stronger?
I thought they were funny…..Yogi
Berra quotes
• Baseball is 90% mental, the other half is
physical.
• Always go to other peoples funerals,
otherwise they won’t go to yours.
• We made too many wrong mistakes.
• You better cut the pizza into 4 pieces,
because I’m not hungry enough to eat 6.
Henry II expands power
1. 1154, begins expanding customs into laws
2. Decisions of royal courts became foundation of
English common law—legal system based on
custom and court rulings
***English common law applied to
all of England***
***People began to bring grievances to royal
courts rather than nobles or church courts***
3. Also began an early jury system—like a grand jury
Any idea how English common law
and our legal system differ?
English common law—legal system
based on custom and court rulings
Much is not written down
Henry II has conflict w/ the Church
***Henry II has conflict w/ the Church b/c
Henry claimed the right to try clergy
in royal courts***
1. Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Beckett,
vehemently opposed this
2. Beckett is murdered, later
sainted
Henry II of England
Evolving Traditions of Govt.
• English rulers cont. to have trouble w/
nobles and the Church when they tried to
raise taxes or impose their will on those traditional
medieval authorities.
• King John of England makes a historic
decision………………
King John makes enemies…..
1. 1205, loses a war to Philip II of France and
loses part of Anjou and Normandy
2. Battles Pope Innocent III over who the next
Archbishop of Canterbury would be
–Innocent placed the interdict (no church
services) on England
–John had to accept England as a fief of
pope and pay yearly to Rome
King John and the Magna Carta
1. 1215, the Great Charter—63 articles
***His nobles are mad at high taxes and
other abuses of power***
2. Forced to sign the M.C. at Runnymeade
3. King gives up
some of his
power
Magna Carta
1.Nobles have certain rights
(similar to Bill of Rights?)
2.Monarchs must obey the law
3. No new taxes w/o consulting the Great
Council (later Parliament)
– American colonists would claim this meant
no taxation w/o representation
Magna Carta
4. Freemen protected from arbitrary arrest,
imprisonment
– Basis of due process of law
– Monarch is not above the law
– Basis for habeas corpus—can’t be
imprisoned unless charged w/ a crime
Development of Parliament
1. Great Council develops into Parliament—
England’s legislature
***Edward I approves a 2-house body—
House of Lords, House of Commons***
2. Over time get the “power of the purse”—
right to approve any new taxes—is a check
on the power of the monarch
3. Similar political body in the U.S.?
The Rise of European
Monarchies:
France
Louis IX of France
1. Very religious, sainted 30 yrs. after death
2. Persecuted Jews, led Knights on 2
Crusades against Muslims
***Improved royal govt***
– Sent officials to check on local
administrators
– Expanded royal courts, outlawed
private wars
– Ended serfdom in his personal domain
Clashing w/ the Pope
1. Philip IV (FR) tried to tax the clergy
2. Pope Boniface VIII forbade it
3. Philip sends troops to seize the pope,
who escaped, but died soon afterward
***1305 French pope elected, Clement V
–1309, moved papal court to Avignon,
where FR rulers could better control
it***
Paris
Pope’s Palace
Avignon
Clashing w/ the Pope
1. Causes a crisis in the church
2. Another pope elected in Rome, as a
result……
***Power of the papacy is declining***
8.1 Creative side:
What was the essential idea?
Give 2 examples of how Monarchs
gained power from nobles and the
church.
Give 1 example of limitations on the
power of Monarchs.
Draw 1 picture w/ a caption of one of
the above ideas.