Transcript Civil War Notes

The Union In Peril
The Politics of
Slavery
3 Key People – Unlikely
Allies
• Henry Clay
- KY senator “the great
compromiser”
- fought to ____ the country
• Noah Webster
- Main editor of ________
- N Senator- disliked the S
• John Calhoun
-Who was he?
Dif. Between North and South
•
•
•
•
North
Opposed Slavery
Industrial Economy
More Urban Growth
and a greater ______
Population
Used Railroads more
•
•
•
•
•
•
South
Approved of Slavery
Agricultural Economy
based on ___ & ____
Minimal Growth of
Cities
Transported on
Rivers
Little Immigrant Pop.
Slave Populations…
Wilmot Proviso
• Congressmen David Wilmot said
– No state won from War with Mexico could
have _____
– Really all about ________
– While they were arguing what happened?
•
•
•
•
Made Constitution
Outlawing ______
Why growing so fast?
What’s the big deal?
The Big Debate in 1849
• When congress comes back – tensions are high!
– People talking about (Secession?)
– Clay, Calhoun, & Webster
– Their goal was to ________ & they came up with…
The Compromise of 1850
Why did people like it?
North
• Cal becomes free state
• Govt bought land from
_______ (later known as
NM)
South
• Stronger laws on fugitive
_______
• TX gets 10 million to pay
off debt – from what?
Both
• NM and Utah get popular sovereignty
•Slave Trade outlawed in __________
Problems with the Compromise
• How do people express their dislike?
Everyone’s Happy, Right?!?
• Senate rejects
compromise
• Steven Douglas helps
out the process
how??
Effects of Compromise
• Fugitive Slave Act
– Slaves returned w/o
trial
– How judges paid?
– “The colored man’s
rights are less than
those of a jackass”
• 9 N States passed
– Personal _________
Come on and Ride that Train!!
• Secret network to
help runaway slaves
• “Conductors”
– Gave food and
clothing
– Secret rooms/tunnels
• Process
– Traveled by night
– Guided by ______
– Conditions -
Harriet Tubman
• Most famous ________
• An escaped slave (head
injury)
• Made 19 runs – how
many got caught?
• Became a _______ for
abolition movement
• If that doesn’t work…
Another method…
The pen is mightier than
the sword
• Harriet Beecher
Stowe – writes
_______
• Showed that slavery
was ______ wrong
• Yet another method…
War in Kansas!!
•
Stephen Douglas proposes ______
– What about the Miss. Compromise?
•
Not even Toto wants to be in Kansas
anymore…
1. Border Ruffians 2. Sack of Lawrence –
3. Pottawomie Massacre –
– John Brown saws _____ why?
Don’t be pick’en on kin folk now
• Mass Senator _______ gave speech “The
Crime Against ________”
– Picked on people including Senator Butler
from SC
• 3 Days later Rep. Preston _______ met
with Sumner
– “I have read your speech twice over, carefully,
it is a libel on SC and Mr. Butler who is a
relative of mine.”
All these parties and no one gets
along!
• Know Nothings - believed in ______
– Secret sayings, handshakes…
– Divided over slavery issue
• Liberty Party
– Abolitionist – what’s that…
• Free Soil Party
– Free soil not free people
Your Assignment
• You are going to create a campaign leaflet for
the election of 1856 and the newly formed
Republican Party. Make this a tri fold leaflet. Be
creative and include information on the
following:
–
–
–
–
History of the party
Platform Issues
Creative Slogans
Pictures…
-- Editorial Articles
-- Major Leaders
-- Political Cartoons
Formation of the Republican Party
• 1854 by Horace
Greeley
• United by opposing
________
• Election of 1856
– Buchanan wins but
what was proven?
Slavery Dominates Politics
• Dred Scott v. Sandford
– Dred’s owner developed
Tuberculosis and moved
to _______
– When he dies what
happens?
– Roger Taney said that
slaves were ______
– Strange because
Sanford didn’t want
______
– Who is happy? Not
happy?
Slavery in Politics Cont…
• Lecompton
Constitution
– Kansas state
constitution sent to
congress said it would
be a _____ state
– Senate rejects
constitution-why?
– Buchanan ______ the
constitution—who’s
mad?
1858 Illinois Sen. Race
• Douglas (2 term) v.
Lincoln (who?)
– L challenges to
debates why?
– What were they like…
•
•
•
•
L – slavery immoral
D – Not immoral
L – opposed KN act
D – Supported KN act
Results of Campaign
• L – Questioned
Douglas
– Freeport Doctrine –
went against _____
• _____ wins Senate
race but Lincoln
becomes a ________
Leroy’s cousin again…
• Harpers Ferry – John
had great idea!
– Would get slaves
together and revolt!
– Go to armory –
capture it and…
– What happened?
• Robert E Lee comes
to break it up
• What happens to JB?
1860 Republicans Nominate
• Lincoln just left ____ party
• Why nominate Lincoln?
• Election of 1860 – Lincoln wins but doesn’t
win a single _______
South’s Response
• SC – 1st in something
they ____
– Then MS, FL, AL, GA,
LA, TX
• Met in AL and formed
a _____ stressing
_____
• Named ______
President – what
played in
background?
The Civil War
Fort Sumter
• Confederates – taking over forts in S
– Except Ft Sumter
– Why important?
• Lincoln v. Davis
– Finally ____ fires
4,000 rounds
– How many people die
– L then asks for ______
– What happens next…
Clip from Gods
• Pay attention to what is offered to Robert
E Lee and the reaction from each scene…
• What school does Thomas Jackson teach
at?
• Why is everyone upset at Lincoln—what
had he done?
• What are two of the problems faced by the
soldiers?
North
South
22 States
11 States
23 million people
10 million people
(includes 4 million slaves)
_______ Economy
__________ Economy
(exports, not food)
Majority of transportation
Limited manufacturing and
railroad lines.
Lincoln, ____________.
Asks
Robert E. Lee to command
Union troops and declines
Davis, military experience.
(Better military leaders)
Belief war is about preserving
Belief war is about states rights,
the Union and later in the
independence and preserving
war…slavery.
their way of life
“The North’s major advantage would be its _________
and the South’s main disadvantage was its
”
North v South
•
•
•
•
•
•
What did the North have…
25/1 in Naval production – 32/1 Firearms
More than ___ population
Had ___ to help with transportation
Lincoln was much more ______
More industrial workers
– What kind of strategy can they use?
North v South cont…
• What did the South have…
• South had a clear advantage in ____ why?
• South did not have to ____ they were able
to fight _____
• Now Virginia joins. What do they get?
• Home field advantage?
This Anaconda Wants Some!
• North’s Plan was 3 Steps
– Blockade S Ports
– Split South at MS
– Capture Richmond
• Called the Anaconda Plan
Why?
• What was the goal of the N?
Manassas
• Also known as Bull Run
– 1st Major Battle
– Close to capitols
– Nice day for a picnic?
– Who wins…
• A Hero is born!
– And a hero is ____
Movie Clip Today
• Things to know
– Method of fighting…
– Weapons used…
– Stonewall’s actions…
– Problems with the soldiers…
G.A.M.E.S. of the Civil War
• G – Gettysburg
• A – Antietam
• M – Manassas
• E – Emancipation Proclamation
• S - Shiloh
The war is over, right?
• Many felt the war was over
• Lincoln called for ______
• Named George McClellan
Commander
• He appointed _________
– Commander of West
– His strategy gave him
• His name US?
On to Shiloh
• Early morning coffee and _____
– What did we learn from that?
– 10,000 killed or wounded
– Union continued down the ______
– Farragut takes _______
Antietam
• McClellan vs. _____
– Bloodiest single day battle in American History
– 26,000 dead
– McClellan win but forgets to…
– Result =
Politics of War
“Old King Cotton is Dead” - AL
• S – want whose help?
• Trent Affair – Union almost got in big
trouble – by doing what?
• Britain calls up ______ until we say…
Land of the Free – yeah right!
• Suspended the writ of habeas corpus –
what’s that?
– 13,000 arrested
– Seized telegraph offices why?
– Lincoln acts like Jackson by telling
the Chief Justice…
• Arrest people called ________
Lincoln’s View on the War of
Northern Aggression
• “My paramount object in this struggle is to
save the Union and is not either to save or
destroy slavery.”
• But after saying that he issues the ______
– What purposes did that serve??
Conscription (what’s that)…well it
doesn’t work anyway
• Confederates-passed in 1862, men 18-35 but
changed to 17-50, 90% of eligible men
served-exempted slave owners – why?
• “Rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight”
• Union-passed in 1863, men 20-45, 92% were
volunteers, 180,000 AA
• Both allowed subs-and paying a fee to get out
of fighting
• Lead to riots of many kinds…
Prisons weren’t like they are now
• Andersonville – GA prison
– 33,000 men in 26 acres
– 34 Sq/ft per person
– What made it worse?
• Fort Pillow – TN prison
– Killed 200 ____ prisoners
– “If slaves will make good
soldiers our whole theory of
slavery is wrong”
• N’s response…
Differences during the War
•
•
•
•
North
Positive
economically
Pay didn’t keep up
with work load
Women started
working – where?
First Income Tax
•
South
Shortages of food why?
1. Drain of man power
2. Union controlled areas
3. Loss of slaves
•
•
Inflation very high
Riots—What did JD do?
Fight for Freedom
• Finally Union started
allowing AA in Army
• AA 1% of pop. 10% of Army
– How is that possible – why?
• Not treated fairly in what
ways?
• Pay
• Rank
• Duties
Conditions for the Soldiers
• Food was horrible –
living conditions…
• Dorothea Dix
(remember her) –
started _______ Requirements –
• Clara Barton – “Angel
of the Battlefield”
– Eventually started the
______
God’s Clip – Chancellorsville to
Gettysburg
•
•
•
•
What is Stonewall’s mission?
Who wins the battle?
Why could the winner not finish the job?
What happens to Stonewall?
Battles lead to the End
• Battle of
Chancellorsville
– S wins but what
happens?
– “He lost his left arm
but I lost my right”
– Despite the loss –
what does Lee do?
Beginning of the End -
Gettysburg
• A.P. Hill’s men looking
for _____
• Gen Meade-Union Gen
• 1st day N gets beaten
but send troops to
_____
• 2nd Day – Gen
Chamberlain – lead a
charge with _____
– 90,000 N Troops
– 75,000 S Troops
3rd Day of Gettysburg / Results
• Lee ordered attack –
why?
–
–
–
–
What happens…
“It’s all my fault”
23,000 N died
28,000 S died
• Results
– Bloodiest Battle Ever
– S Never Could attack
again
– Turning Point of War
From Bad to Worse…
• U.S. Grant – attacking
at Vicksburg
– Grant bombarded fort
for days
– “If you can’t feed us,
you’d better surrender”
– Finishing Step 2 of
Anaconda Plan
Gettysburg Address
• Nov 1863 – Lincoln goes to dedicate ____
– Not main speaker – who was?
• Across the Nation
– SC, NC, GA, FL all upset
– Troops leaving
• Lincoln smells blood!
– Names Grant commander
– Grant named William Sherman commander
where?
The War Ends – so sad
• Grant v. Lee
– Grant lost ___ as many
– “Whatever happens, there will be no turning
back”
– Sherman’s March (like what?)
• Meanwhile Election of 1864
– Who ran – “I am going to be beaten”
– What changed his mind…
Surrender at Appomattox
• Lee finally surrenders
– Meet at ______
– Terms of surrender? Why?
– Davis response was to _____ Why?
What did the War do?
• Federal Govt. got
stronger
– Tax
– Drafting
• 360,000 Union died
• 260,000 South died
• Passed National Bank
Act – federalized ___
• Spent 2.3 billion in 4
yrs. More than _____
• What about the EP?
• States must pass ___
Things going good – well almost
• Lincoln ready for a night on the town
– Ford’s Theater – April 14, 1865
– John Wilkes Booth – shot – and said what?
– 7 million attend his funeral
“Our country owed all her troubles to
him, and God simply made me the
instrument of his punishment”
– John Wilkes Booth
• Born (May 10 1838-April 26,
1865) was an American actor
who is most famous for being
the assassin of Abraham
Lincoln.
•
A professional and extremely
popular stage actor of his day.
•
Booth was a Confederate
sympathizer who was
dissatisfied by the outcome of
the American Civil War.
•
On July 7, 1865 a large
crowd gathered in the
courtyard of the Washington
Arsenal.
•
An unexpectedly large
number of people wanted to
witness the multiple hanging,
so many that it became
necessary to issue tickets.
•
Mary Surratt, Paine, Herold,
and Atzerodt were all found
guilty in a military trial and
sentenced to be hanged.
•
Vendors sold lemonade and
cakes, creating a party
atmosphere.
•
At about 1:26 p.m. the
executioner clapped his hands
together three times dropping
the bodies some 5 to 6 feet.
•
As each reached the end of
the rope, the body jerked
upward, then settled into a
slow swaying motion.
Reconstruction
• How do we put the pieces of the puzzle
back together – time period after the Civil
War.
3 Different Plans
•
•
•
•
Presidential Rec.
Lincoln’s Plan
Named 10% plan
Why called that?
Angered who?
RR’s lead by _____
passed the WadeDavis bill to say
_____ determined
Plans Cont…
•
•
•
•
•
Johnson’s Plan
States withdraw
secession
Swear Allegiance
Ratify 13th
Amendment
“White men alone
must manage the
South”
Congress said…
How does Congress Respond?
• Feb 1866 wanted $$ for the ________
Bureau
– What did they do?
• Civil Rights Act of 1866
– Ended Black Codes-remember them…
• Didn’t allow to carry weapons, serve on a
jury, testify, marry, traveling without
permits...
• Johnson _____ both bills
Congressional Reconstruction
• Congress together
________ Vetoes
• Passed the 14th
Amendment – did
what?
• Reconstruction Act of
1867—divided states
into territories—
controlled by who?
Congress isn’t done yet!
• Congress passed
Tenure of Office Act—
did what?
• Johnson still fired so
Congress
impeached
• 35 to 19 so what
happened?
• Why was he really
impeached?
Next Election Grant Elected
President
• AA’s helped Grant get
elected
• Then passed the 15th
Amendment
Putting the Puzzle Together
Now What??
• Scalawags?
• Carpetbaggers?
• 90% of all AA’s voted
when they had the
opportunity – what party
did they vote for?
• Who was Hiram Revels?
Life in the South
• 40 Acres and a
Mule—what was that?
• 1866 Southern
Homestead Act—
gave 44 million
acres…
• Farming created a
cycle of debt—
sharecropping?
Tenant Farming?
• One other problem…
Reconstruction goes down
• The ____ was
founded as a social
club
• Practiced Domestic
Terrorism
• NC Senator Stephens
what happened?
Mo Problems
• Grant never been in
politics many
problems
• Election of 1872
Grant v. Greeley…
• Credit Mobiler,
Whiskey Ring, Indian
Territory
• Grant doesn’t do
what?
Redemption for the South
• 1876 Election Tilden (D) v. Hayes (R)
– _____ won popular but a deal was made
– Compromise of 1877 said what?
• Democrats now had ___ rule!
• What did Reconstruction accomplish?
1. Union is restored.
2. A.A. gain citizenship & voting rights.
3. South’s economy and infrastructure
are improved.
4. Southern states est. public
school system.
5. K.K.K. & other
groups terrorize A.A.
6. Sharecropping system takes
hold in the South.