Transcript Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War

Chapter 21: The Furnace of
Civil War
AP History
ST
1 BATTLE OF BULL RUN
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A Union army of
30,000 men drilled
near Washington.
I’ll prepared to fight
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Lincoln called for an
attack on the smaller
Confederate force @
Bull Run
Hopefully, they could
take Richmond
Read pages 435-436
ST
1 BATTLE OF BULL RUN
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Significant psychological
and political
consequences:
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Victory was worse than
defeat for the South.
Southern enlistment fell
sharply
Preparations for a
protracted war slackened
Defeat was better than
victory for the North.
Illusions for a short war
ended.
Started preparing for a
prolonged war
PENINSULA CAMPAIGN
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1861- George MacClellan
was given command of the
Army of the Potomac- Pgs
436-437
Peninsula Campaign-May,
1862 (page 437)
 MacClellan and 100,000
troops inched towards
Richmond
 Stonewall Jackson- put
Washington DC in
jeopardy
 Jeb Stuart harassed
MacClellan
Seven Days Battle- June 26,
July 2- Lee’s smaller force
attacked MacClellan’s troops
 Lee defeats MacClellan
 Page 437
NEW UNION STRATEGY
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The Union turns to TOTAL WAR!
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New Union Strategy:
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Slowly suffocate the South
by blockading its coasts
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Liberate the slaves- destroy
southern economy
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Take control of the
Mississippi, cutting the
Confederacy in half
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Chop the Confederacy to
pieces- Take Georgia and the
Carolinas
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Take Richmond
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Try everywhere to engage
the enemy’s main strength
and grind it to submission
The war at Sea- 438-440
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The Pivotal Point: Antietam
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Lincoln fired MacClellan
and replaced him with
General John Pope
Lee defeats Pope at the
Second Battle of Bull
Run- Aug. 1862
Lincoln re-instates
MacClellan
Robert E. Lee marches his
troops into Maryland
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Hoped to gain foreign
recognition
Seduce the border states
away from the Union
Battle of Antietam- Sept
17, 1862- Single bloodiest
day of the war
The Pivotal Point: Antietam
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MacClellan had found
a copy of Lee’s plans
Read pages 440-441
MacClellan was again
replaced
Sept. 23, 1862Emancipation
Proclamation
Confederacy lost any
chance of gaining
foreign support
EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION
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Where he could he would not, and where he
would he could not.
Its Effects:
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Thousands of slaves ran away- one in seven
Strengthened the moral cause at home and abroad
No chance for diplomacy- Fight to the finish
Opposition in the North mounted
Abolitionist- not far enough/Butternut-Border stateswent too far
South- Outcry of Injustice
Europe- Ultimate doom of slavery- any chance of
European aid ended
BLACKS BATTLE BONDAGE- 443-444
LEE AT GETTYSBURG
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After Antietam Burnside
replace McClellan
Dec. 13, 1862Fredricksburg- Burnside
slaughter Pen
Hooker replaces Burnside
Chancellorsville- May 2-4,
1863- Jackson killed
Meade replaces Hooker
Lee Prepares to attack
Pennsylvania
Pages 445-446
Three Days At Gettysburg
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Federal
Confederate
Engaged
85-88,000
70-75,000
Killed
3,155
3,903
Wounded, and Mortally Wounded
14,529
18,735
Missing
5,365
5,425
Total Losses
23,049
28,063
THE WAR IN THE WEST
THE WAR IN THE WEST
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Grants first victory
came in northern
Tennessee
 Brought Kentucky
more securely into
the North
Shiloh- April 6-7, 1862
 Union victory- No
quick end to the war
in the West
 Read Page 448
Spring of 1862- David
Farragut takes N.O.
THE WAR IN THE WEST
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July 4, 1863- Grant
takes Vicksburg
 Spinal cord of the
Confederacy was
now severed
News of Vicksburg and
Gettysburg reached
Washington at the same
time
 Lessened the
Northern peace
agitation
 Caused massive
economic pain to the
Confederacy
 Diplomatic gain
SHERMAN SCORCHES GEORGIA
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November, 1863- Grant
takes Chattanooga,
Tennessee was now in the
hands of the Union
Lincoln puts Grant in charge
of the Army of the Patomac
Sherman takes over in the
West
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Sept. 63- Sherman captures
Atlanta
Nov. 63- Sherman burns
Atlanta
1864- March to the SeaTOTAL WAR
THE WAR IN THE WEST
The politics of war
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Political infighting and factions within his own party
threatened his presidency
Leading critics of the President- Samuel Chase
 Resented his expansion of power
 Called for complete emancipation
Northern Democrats
 Associated with seceders
 “War Democrats”- Supported the President
 “Peace Democrats”- Did not support the war
 “Copperheads”- Openly obstructed the war- Attacked
the draft, Lincoln and Emancipation
ELECTION OF 1864
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Republican Party became
the Union Party
Lincoln fought Chase for
the party nominationLincoln won fairly easily
Lincoln made Andrew
Johnson his VP- Why?
Democrats nominated
General McClellan
Read Pages 452-453