Transcript black hooker

Let’s review for a second…
• The war began on April 12, 1861
• Fort Sumter
• The South fired first
• Virginia secedes
• So does Robert E.
Lee
• Lincoln asks 75,000 men to volunteer for 3
months to bring the Southern states back into
the Union
In the East…
• In July, 1861, the North suffers an
embarassing defeat at First Bull Run
• McClellan takes command of the Army of
the Potomac, and trains his troops
• By Spring 1862, Grant wins the first big
Northern victories at Shiloh and Nashville
• McClellan finally moves to attack in that
stupid idea with the boats
• Lee invades Maryland to try and impress the
British and French
• He’s on a roll, and divides his forces
• The orders are wrapped in a cigar,
dropped, and found by Northern troops
• Battle of Antietam
• The battle is a draw
• McClellan’s too slow
and doesn’t chase
Lee
• Lincoln fires him
Chapter 17: The Tide Turns
• Frederick Douglass has been asking
Lincoln to emancipate the slaves since the
war started
• The war is dragging on, more people are
dying, and Lincoln has a big problem
Lincoln’s balancing act
• Abolitionists
• Britain and France
• The Army
• The border states
(slave states)
• The Constitution
• The Supreme Court
• Lee retreating back into Virginia gives
Lincoln the opportunity to issue the
Emancipation proclamation
• It states that slaves in the Confederacy are
now free
This makes no sense
• 1: You can’t free slaves in territory you
don’t control
• 2: Why doesn’t the Emancipation
Proclamation free slaves in the border
states?
1: You can’t free slaves in territory
you don’t control
• Northern troops in Southern states can
free the slaves in areas that they control
2: Why doesn’t the Emancipation
Proclamation free slaves in the
border states?
• Lincoln doesn’t have the authority to free
the slaves
• Congress has to make a law, Lincoln has
to approve it, and the Supreme Court must
approve it, remember?
BUT….
• Since this is war, the President is
Commander in Chief
• This is a military decision, it weakens the
South
– No slaves on the farms, no cotton, no food for
the Southern troops
• The Emancipation Proclamation didn’t
actually free many slaves at all.
• It was a symbolic gesture
Some things did change…
• Britian and France applaud the
Proclamation, and stop supporting the
Confederacy
• Black troops can now join the Army
In the South…
Now not only will the Confederacy have to
fight Northern troops, it will have no
support from Britian or France, it will have
to keep the slaves from escaping or
revolting, and face black troops on the
battlefield
African – American soldiers
• Often had the worst jobs, and were paid
less
• The 54th Massachusetts changed this
through their bravery
• The assault on Fort
Wagner, and William
H. Carny’s actions led
to over 180,000 black
men joining the U.S.
Army
Section 2: War Affects Society
It’s now 1863
• The war’s been going on for two years
now
• Suffering not only out on the battlefields,
but also at home.
• In both North and South, food is getting
more and more scarce
– Most soldiers are farmers
– Worse in the South
– Trains are being used to move troops, not
food to the markets
– The Army takes what it wants
The Richmond Bread Riots
• People in the South are beginning to grow
weary of the war
• Confederate soldiers are beginning to
leave the army in increasing numbers
• The Confederate states begin to argue
under the strain
• States’ rights is holding them down
• In the North, Lincoln has to deal with
Northern Democrats who want peace with
the South
• These are called Copperheads
• Lincoln has some war protestors arrested
and held without trial
• This is AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION
• Both North and South need more men,
and both sides pass conscription laws
• All men 18-45 must join the army
• You know it as a draft
• It didn’t apply to the rich (it never does)
• You could hire a substitute to fight for you
• “A rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight”
• The war also raised prices on everyday
stuff (inflation)
• Worse in the South
• 9,000% rise in prices
• First income taxes are established to pay
for the war
• Taxes on how much you make
• New paper currency – greenbacks
• Named for the color
• We still have them
Slaves in the Civil War
• Slaves that couldn’t be freed by Union
troops could still do damage to their
masters
• Sabotage
• Running away
• Revolt
• By the end of the war, half a million slaves
escape to the North
Women in the Civil War
• Nurses, spies, scouts
Civil War Prison Camps
• Food shortages
• Diseases
• Cramped conditions
• They become like
walking cemeteries
Fredericksburg and
Chancellorsville
• McClellan is replaced
by his friend,
Ambrose Burnside
• Take a moment to
appreciate the sweet
sideburns
• Lee is waiting across a river for Burnside,
who takes too long to build bridges
• They must be built under fire
The Irish Brigade
The Angel of Marye’s Heights
• The Union loses around 13,000 men
• The Confederates lose about 5,300
• Burnside is fired
The Battle of Chancellorsville
Send in the Clowns
• Joseph Hooker
• He’s the 6th
commander of the
Army of the Potomac,
if you’re counting
The Rebel Dream Team
• Stonewall Jackson’s the man with the plan
• He sneaks around to the side of Hooker’s
army, and attacks
• The Union troops panic and run
• It’s a huge Southern victory, but comes at
a high price
• Stonewall Jackson is wounded by his own
troops in an accident
• He loses an arm, and develops
pneumonia
• He dies two days later
• Lee says “Jackson has lost his left arm,
but I feel like I have lost my right arm”
• After Lee buries Jackson, he takes on
supplies, and plans an invasion North
• He’s going to try to take the pressure off of
the South, and put some pressure on the
North
The Big Picture
• People in the North are sick of the war, and sick
of the draft
• The next year, 1864, is going to be an
election year
• Who would be stupid enough to run
against Lincoln?
• Little Mac, naturally
• He’s running for
President in the
Democratic Party
• If he wins, he’ll
probably try for peace
with the South
• By late June, Lee invades Southern
Pennsylvania
• Everyone can smell a battle coming
• President Jefferson Davis writes a letter to
Lincoln to be put on his desk after a
Southern victory in Northern territory
• Meanwhile, Lee’s army hears about a
shoe factory in a nearby town.
• He sends out a few guys to investigate,
and maybe pick up some free kicks.
• The town is called Gettysburg
• The Confederate soldiers run into
Northern troops
• Both sides call for reinforcements, and
things get heavy real fast
Day 1
• By the end of the day, the Union just might
run again
• If Jackson were alive, he would have
attacked at Culp’s Hill, and pushed the
Northern troops off the high ground
• But Jackson’s dead
• His replacement,
Richard Ewell,
doesn’t attack
• His generals are
disgusted
Roll film
Day 2
• Longstreet sends
John Bell Hood to try
to go around the right
flank
• Two hills
– Round Top
– Little Round Top
• Waiting at the top is the 20th Maine Volunteers
Roll film
• Led by Colonel
Lawrence
Chamberlain
• His men fight all day
– They can’t retreat
– They’re running out of
ammunition
– What can he do?
Roll film
• Because of what you just saw, Colonel
Chamberlain was awarded the
Congressional Medal of Honor
• These are 20 minutes that changes the
course of world history
Day 3
• Lee tries one more gamble
• He’s attacked on both flanks
• The enemy must be weak in the center
The Plan
• A massive artillery barrage will soften up
the Union troops at the center
• Then George Pickett will attack with
13,000 men
• Longstreet thinks it’s a bad plan
• The only time he doubts Lee
• Lewis Armistead will lead the assault, his best
friend is on the other side
Roll film
• Pickett’s Charge, as it came to be known,
suffered 50% casualties
• This is the moment that decided the war,
the war that changed the nation, the nation
that changed the world
• Lee finds Pickett and tells him to reform
his division
• Pickett replies “General Lee, I have no
division”
• Lee’s hopes for a Northern victory
disappear with a third of his army
• Total dead and wounded are over 50,000
• The worst of the Southern wounded must
be left behind
• The next day, July 4th, it rains, which
saves Lee’s army from counterattack
• In the end, something changed at
Gettysburg
• Lee’s army loses something it can never
get back
• The end is already written
Gettysburg today
Meanwhile, back in the West
• While Lee retreats from Pennsylvania,
Grant ends the siege of Vicksburg
• Now the Mississippi River belongs to the
Union, and the Confederacy is cut in half.
• Gettysburg and Vicksburg are two Union
victories that give Lincoln hope for another
presidency
• Lincoln doesn’t forget
his friends, and
promotes Grant to
Commander of all
Union armies
• Unlike the
commanders before
him, Grant wastes no
time
• He will go after Lee
• His friend William
Sherman will invade
the Deep South
• Thus begins Sherman’s March to the Sea
• He tears up 300 miles of Southern warehouses,
railroads, cities, towns, anything that helps the
South make war
• This is called total war
• Sherman’s victories nail Lincoln into reelection
• The North can smell victory
The beginning of the end
• Grant pursues Lee in
Virginia, and several
horrible battles start
– Spotsylvania
– Cold Harbor
– Petersburg
• Everyone knows the end is near, even
Lee.
• He writes to Grant to surrender his army
• His men are starving, outnumbered, and
sick
• They can no longer fight
• On April 9, 1865, Lee surrenders to Grant in
Wilbur McClean’s living room.
• The Civil War is over, mostly
Section 4: The Legacy of the
War
• It’s on page 504 to 507
• I’m tired!