Transcript Chapter 13 Lesson 1

Chapter 13
Lesson 1- A Nation at War
ACOS #11: IDENTIFY CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR, INCLUDING STATES’ RIGHTS AND THE ISSUE OF
SLAVERY.
11A: RECOGNIZING KEY NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN PERSONALITIES, INCLUDING ABRAHAM
LINCOLN, JEFFERSON DAVIS, ULYSSES GRANT, ROBERT E. LEE, “STONEWALL” JACKSON, WILLIAM
TECUMSEH SHERMAN, AND JOSEPH WHEELER.
11B: DESCRIBE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS THAT EFFECTED CITIZENS
DURING THE CIVIL WAR.
11C: IDENTIFY ALABAMA’S ROLE IN THE CIVIL WAR.
11D: LOCATE ON A MAP SITES IMPORTANT TO THE CIVIL WAR.
11E: EXPLAIN EVENTS THAT LED TO THE CONCLUSION OF THE CIVIL WAR.
Key Vocabulary Words

Border states = slave states that stayed in the
Union.

Casualties = soldiers who are killed or wounded.

Draft = when a government selects people to
serve in the military.

Emancipation = the freeing of enslaved people.
North Against South

When the Civil War began, 11 southern states seceded and formed the
Confederacy, or the Confederate States of America

Four other slave states chose to stay in the Union: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and
Delaware.

Slave states that chose to stay in the Union were called border states.
Northern Advantages


The North had many advantages in the war.
About 22 million people lived in the North.

About 9 million people lived in the South, and about 1/3 of them
were enslaved and could not become soldiers.

The North had more factories for making weapons and supplies.

The North had more railroad lines than the South, so soldiers and
supplies could move quickly.

The South did not have the factories the North had. The South’s
economy was based on agriculture, or farming.
Southern Advantages

A big advantage for the South is that most of the fighting took place
on southern soil. They basically had the “home-field advantage.”

Confederate soldiers were defending their homes, which made
them fight harder.

The South also had excellent leaders, such as General Robert E. Lee
and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.
Northern Plans for War
Union leaders created a strategy, or plan, to
defeat the South. The navy would block
southern seaports so the Confederacy could not
trade with other countries. This was called the
Anaconda Plan, because it would “strangle” the
South like a giant snake.
 The Navy would take control of the Mississippi
River.
 The Union army would attack in the East and
West at the same time.

Southern Plans for War

The South’s strategy was to fight off northern attacks until
the Confederacy could survive as a separate nation.

The South believed that since many people in the North
were against the war already, that if the Union lost too
many battles, northerners might give up.

The South also hoped to get help from Britain and
France because those countries desperately needed
southern cotton.
The War in the East

Both sides expected a quick, easy victory.

Thousands of men from the North and the South joined the Union
and Confederate armies.

In July 1861, a Union army left Washington with the goal of capturing
the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, about 100 miles
away. The two armies fought at a stream called Bull Run, near the
town of Manassas.

At the end of the battle, the Union army retreated in panic. It was a
victory for the South.

People began to realize that the war would NOT soon end.
The Aftermath
The War’s Leaders

In 1862, General Robert E. Lee took command of the Confederate
army in Virginia.

That year, the North tried twice more to attack Richmond. Lee
defeated their army both times.

After these victories, Lee decided to invade the North.

Lee led his army into Maryland, but the North stopped him at the
Battle of Antietam.

The Battle of Antietam was the deadliest day of the entire war. The
two armies suffered at least 23, 000 casualties. Soldiers who are killed
or wounded are called casualties.

The losses were so high, Lee decided to return to Virginia
ov
Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis
Stonewall Jackson
Robert E. Lee
William T. Sherman
Ulysses S. Grant
The War in the West

General Ulysses S. Grant captured Confederate forts from Illinois to
Tennessee.
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In the Battle of Shiloh, he defeated a large Confederate army.

At the same time, the Union navy sailed up the Mississippi River and
attacked New Orleans.

By the end of 1863, the only town left on the river was Vicksburg,
Mississippi.
The Governments Respond

Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederacy, faced
many problems.

The main problem was the Union blockade closed most
Confederate ports. The South had problems getting
enough food, weapons, or money to fight.

Not enough people wanted to join the army, so Davis had
to start a draft. A draft is when the government selects
people to serve in the military.

Lincoln also had to start a draft, because as casualties
rose, he was losing support for the war. In the North, rich
people could pay to get out of the draft. This upset
people who could not afford the money and those who
were against the war. This even started a riot in New York
City.
The Emancipation
Proclamation

At the start of the war, President Lincoln’s only
goal was to keep the Union together. He did not
plan to free enslaved people. By 1862, however,
he changed his mind.

Many people in the North wanted him to end
slavery, and freeing enslaved people could
weaken the Confederacy. He also hoped that
freed slaves would work for the North.

Lincoln put the Emancipation Proclamation into
effect on January 1, 1863. Emancipation is the
freeing of enslaved people. This proclamation
declared that slaves in the Confederacy were
free. It did not end slavery in the border states.

The South ignored the new law. The North would
have to defeat the South to free the slaves.
Vicksburg and Gettysburg

In 1863, the Union won two important battles: Vicksburg and
Gettysburg.
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The North now controlled every city along the Mississippi River.

At the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Lee decided to invade
the North again. For two days, the armies battled back and forth.
On the third day, the Confederate army was forced to retreat.
About half of Lee’s army had been killed or wounded.

July 1863 was the turning point of the war.
The Gettysburg Address

In November 1863, Abraham Lincoln
gave a short speech on the battlefield of
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

The speech was only about two minutes
long.

In the ceremony honoring the Union
soldiers who had died in the battle,
Lincoln spoke about the meaning of the
war and its terrible cost.