Transcript Civil War - Jefferson Forest High School

VUS.7
• 1861- 1865
• Immediate Causes:
• Lincoln elected in 1860 with only 40% of popular vote BUT 180
(required) electoral votes
• “Lower South” states secede
• Confederates in S.C. fire on Ft. Sumter
• Lincoln calls for volunteers to fight Confederates
• “Upper South” states secede
• Long-Term
Causes
• State’s rights
• Popular
Sovereignty
• Doctrine of
Nullification
• Slavery
• Abraham Lincoln:
President of the
United States during
the Civil War, who
insisted that the
Union be held
together, by force if
necessary
• Ulysses S. Grant:
Union military
commander, who
won victories over
the South after
several Union
commanders had
failed
• Frederick Douglass:
Former slave
• Became prominent
black abolitionist and
who urged Lincoln to
recruit former slaves to
fight in the Union army
• Robert E. Lee: Confederate
general of the Army of Northern
Virginia
• Lee opposed secession, but did
not believe the Union should be
held together by force
• urged Southerners to accept
defeat and unite as Americans
again, when some Southerners
wanted to fight on after
Appomattox
• Jefferson Davis:
President of the
Confederate States of
America
• The first battle was an important Confederate victory. Manassas
showed that the war was going to be very long and difficult for both
sides.
• Bloodiest single-day battle resulted in a tie and Robert E. Lee’s army
has to retreat back into Virginia. Lee attacked the north because he
needed a victory on northern soil.
• This important battle gave the Union Army control of the
Mississippi River, which cut the Confederacy in half and
allowed General Grant to control trade and communication
on the river.
• Stonewall Jackson loses his life after achieving one of
the greatest military maneuvers of the Civil War at
Chancellorsville, in Virginia.
• Gettysburg was an important Northern victory. The
confederate Army was cut down by almost 25%.
• Over 15,000 troops filled and surrounded the crater that
formed when the Union Army exploded the 8,000 pounds of
gunpowder at the end of the tunnel. The crater that was left
was 170 feet long, 60 to 80 feet wide, and 30 feet deep.
Most important naval battle of the war. Ironclad ships were
used (USS Monitor and CSS Merrimack). The battle ended in a
draw.
• Lee surrenders to Grant. It is the last major battle of the Civil
War