Transcript The Civil War 1861-1865

Pre-Civil War:
Decade of Crisis
1850-1860
Institution of Slavery
 Eli
Whitney - Cotton Gin
 Nat Turner’s Revolt 1831
 Missouri Compromise 1820
–36 degrees 30 minutes
Compromise of 1850
 California
(49ers) apply to
become a FREE state
–Popular Sovereignty
 South
Rejects
 Compromise proposed by
Henry Clay, Daniel Webster,
Stephen Douglas
They Propose:
 Allow
California in as free state
(Northern Victory)
 Create New Mexico and Utah
territories without restrictions about
slavery
 Stricter fugitive slave law (Southern
Victory...hurt Underground RR)
Results of Compromise
of 1850
4 Southern States threaten
to secede
North upset about fugitive
slave law
Uncle Tom's Cabin
 Harriet
Beecher
Stowe  1852
 Dramatic
account of a
slave fighting
for freedom
Result...more people
wanting to abolish slavery
Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854)
 Background (RR, etc)
 Stephen Douglas, Senator (ILL)
He Proposes:
– Create Kansas and Nebraska
Territories
– Scrap the Missouri Compromise
(36 degrees 30 minutes). Instead,
allow Popular Sovereignty
Results of the K-N Act
 Stephen
Douglas -very ambitious
 Birth of the new Republican
Party
 Helped unify the North
 Bleeding Kansas
"Bleeding Kansas"miniature Civil War 1855-57
Election
War
–Free Soil
Group...John
Brown
Dred Scott
Decision...1857
 Background
 Supreme
Court (Chief Justice
Roger Taney) decides:
– Slaves = 3/5ths of a person, so NO
RIGHT to sue
– Slave=Property
– Congress cannot restrict property
within TERRITORIES.
Results of Dred Scott
Ruling:
 Wipes out:
–Kansas-Nebraska Act
–Idea of Popular Sovereignty
 Huge
Southern Victory
 Outrages & Unifies Republicans
Other Important Events
of the Late 1850’s
Lincoln-Douglas
Debates
John Brown’s
Raid...attack US
Arsenal at Harpers
Ferry, Virginia
Election of 1860
4
Political Parties!
Republicans
 Northern
Party
 RESTRICT
slavery, not
abolish it
 Abraham Lincoln
from ILL
Northern Democrats
 Demos
split
 Northern Democrats supported
Stephen Douglas and popular
sovereignty
Southern Democrats
More
radical, want slavery
legal everywhere
Selected John Breckinridge
(Tenn), current VP under
Buchanan
Constitutional Union Party
Wanted
a compromise
over slavery
Selected John Bell
(Tenn)
Popular Vote Totals
40
30
20
10
0
Pop.
%
Bell
Breckenridge
Douglas
Lincoln
Lincoln
Douglas
Breckenridge
Bell
Lincoln wins with only 40% of
Popular Vote
What should the
Southern States do?
What options do they
have?
Secession
 President
James
Buchanan- “Lame Duck”
 December 1860 - South
Carolina Secedes
 What should Buchanan
do???
 Is secession irrational???
Confederate States
of America
 By
Feb, 1861, most of the South is
gone
 Elect Jefferson Davis
(Mississippi) as President
 Select Richmond (Virginia)
as Capitol
 Flag (11 states, yet 13 stars)
Strengths and Weaknesses
North
–(Union, Blue, Yankees)
South
–(Confederacy, Gray,
Rebels)
Border States
The Battles Begin
 Fort
Sumter (Charleston, S. C.)
 1st Bull Run
– “Stonewall” Jackson
 Naval
Warfare
 Union has Navy
– Ironclad Warship (forerunner to
battleships) Monitor v Merrimack
(Virginia) March 1862
War
in
the
West
 Shiloh (Tenn) April 1862
 New
Orleans and the Mississippi
River
 Battle and Seige of Vicksburg (Miss)
– Heavily fortified city with RR
– 47 day seige of city
– Major turing point of war
– Union splits south & gets River
– Grant v. Pemberton
War in the East
 Robert
E. Lee, Confederate General
 Battle of Antietam (Maryland)
–Sept 1862 - George McClellan
Lincoln changes War Emancipation Proclamation
War in the East (continued)
 Union Commanders-"Revolving Door"
–Fredricksburg (VA) Dec, 1862 Ambrose Burnside
–Chancellorsville (VA) Spring
1863 - Joe Hooker
–Gettysburg (Penn) July 1863 George Meade
Gettysburg
 Lee
invades North
 July 3 - "Pickett's Charge"
(Gen.George Pickett, confederate)
 Great Union Victory & Major
turning point of War
 Meade fails to chase Lee
 Gettysburg Address (Lincoln)
East (continued)
 “Revolving
Door” - (cont)
U.S. Grant in charge
(1864-)
 William Tecumseh
Sherman's "March to the
Sea" ... (Total War) Atlanta to Savannah
The Ending
 Appomattox
Courthouse (April 9,
1865) Lee surrenders
Factors of War
 First American
“Draft”
 War’s Deadly Cost
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
Civil War
WW 1
WW 2
Dead
Lincoln's Assassination
 April
14, 1865...Fords Theatre
 "American Cousin" play
 John Wilkes Booth
 Democrat Andrew Johnson
will lead Reconstruction
efforts