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Columbian Exchange Diseases • Disease kills a large segment of the indigenous population of America JamestownV irgina • st 1 permanent English settlement • Jamestown Colony 1607 • Tobacco Mayflower Compact • Compact allows for the concept of majority rule • Part of today’s political decision making policy Triangle Trade 13 Colonies Colonial Settlement • Massachusetts & Puritans • Rhode Island – dissenters • Pennsylvania – Quakers • Maryland – religious toleration for Catholics Plantation System • Agricultural system in the South. Cash crops like tobacco & cotton fuel slavery Proclamation of 1763 & the Appalachian Mountains • After French & Indian War, bares western settlement beyond Appalachian Mountains By the English Very Important Virginians • Virginia Declaration of Rights (George Mason) • Reiterated the notion that basic human rights should not be violated by governments • Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (Thomas Jefferson) • Outlawed the established church—that is, the practice of government support for one favored church • Bill of Rights • James Madison, a Virginian, consulted the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom when drafting the amendments that eventually became the United States Bill of Rights Thomas Paine • Wrote critical works Common Sense and The Crisis • Inspires the cause for the American Revolution Shots heard around the World Lexington & Concord Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 - Philadelphia Declaration of Independence • Written by Jefferson • Ideas of John Locke (Natural Rights) • Life, liberty and pursuit of happiness Taking Sides Benjamin Franklin • Inventor, scientist, and statesman • Helped to gain funds and support for the American cause Yorktown, Virginia 1781 • Last battle of the American Rev • French fleet make the difference Articles of Confederation • Powers to declare war, make peace, sign treaties, borrow money, coin money, and establish a postal service • weak: no power to tax, control interstate or foreign trade, approval of states (no executive power to enforce the law) Constitutional Convention meets • a meeting, planned to revise the Articles of Confederation, turns into a opportunity to write a new constitution • Virginia Plan (large states) • N. J. Plan (small states) Federalist • The Federalists favored a strong national government that shared some power with the states. They argued that the checks & balances in the Constitution prevented any one of the three branches from acquiring preponderant power. They believed that a strong national government was necessary to facilitate interstate commerce & to manage foreign trade, national defense, and foreign relations. Constitutional Convention • Great Compromise, a House based on representation determined by pop. and a Senate with two rep. from each state • three-fifths compromise Checks and Balances • Constitution provides for separation of powers: Executive - veto Legislature - impeachment Judiciary - judicial review George Washington • Cabinet • Two-Terms • Warns against alliances Marbury vs. Madison • Federal Courts have the power of judicial review over the Congress • McCulloch v. Maryland Jefferson Buys From France In 1803 Lewis & Clark The Eli Whitney & the Cotton Gin Monroe Doctrine • President Monroe warns all European powers not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere. • directed at the French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russians and the English, claims in the America’s. Missouri Compromise of 1820 • Allows slavery south of the 36’ 30’ & admits MO as a slave state • Sets the guidelines for the future admission of slave states • Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 & “Bleeding Kansas” Seneca Fall Convention • Women’s rights convention held in Seneca Falls, NY • The beginning of the women’s suffrage movement • Notable women: Eliz. Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Frederick Douglas • Black Abolitionist • Urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union Army William Lloyd Garrison Publisher of the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator Believes that slavery is a violation of Christian principles and must be ended Texas Independence and the Alamo • Struggle for independence in 1836 Clay’s Compromise of 1850 • Argument for Popular Sovereignty in territories • Let the people decide Territorial disputes and California admission Party of Lincoln Dred Scott Decision • 1857 Supreme Court Case • Ruled to be propriety and cannot sue in court • Overturns the Missouri Compromise of 1820 Uncle Toms Cabin • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 • Sparks that ignite the Civil War The Election of Lincoln causes Southern States to withdraw from the Union Lincoln’s important speeches • Emancipation Proclamation frees the slaves in 1862 • Ends slavery in the United States 1863 Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address • “with malice towards none, with charity for all…to bind up the nations wounds” Civil War SOL Objectives • Industrial development of the North th • After the war, passage of the 13 , 14th, and 15th amendments. Established freedoms for former slaves • Homestead Act, 1862 Carving up China • U.S. in China • Open Door Policy of free trade in China with out conflict Inventions/Innovations • Bessemer/steel process • Edison/electric light & phonograph…1000 patents • Bell/telephone • Wright Brothers/airplane • Ford/assembly line Henry Ford’s Assembly Line • Captains of Industry • John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil • Andrew Carnegie & Steel • JP Morgan…. Finance • Vanderbilt…railroads Progressives • The Progressive Era the period from 1893 – 1920 • Solve the problems of industrialization through government Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Prevents any business structure that “restrains trade” (monopolies) • Clayton Anti-Trust Act expands Sherman Anti-Trust Act; outlaws price fixing, exempts unions from Sherman Act Unions fight for change • Knights of Labor • American Federation of Labor founded by Samuel Gompers • Important Strikes: Haymarket Square, Homestead Strike, & Pullman Strike Threats of Immigration • Immigration of 1880’s provides a cheap supply of labor for America’s Industrial Revolution • Eastern Europeans • Chinese Exclusion Act • Immigration restriction act of 1921