Transcript Forming a New Nation

“The Union in Crisis”
1850-1877
A. Expansion and Slavery
1. The balance in the Senate
a. free v. slave states
2. The Compromise of 1850
a. CA Statehood
b. Fugitive Slave Act
c. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
3. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
a. Stephen A. Douglas
b. popular sovereignty
c. Kansas-Nebraska Act passes
d. Republican Party created
B. Sectional Conflicts and National Politics
1. Bleeding Kansas
a. Pro-slavery vs. anti-slavery
2. The election of 1856
a. Pres. James Buchanan
3. Dred Scott decision
a. victory for pro-slavery supporters
b. Lecompton constitution
4. John Brown’s Raid
a. Pro-slavery supporters murdered
b. Harper’s Ferry, VA
c. martyr or hero?
C. Lincoln’s Path to the Presidency
1. Abraham Lincoln
2. A frontier upbringing
a. poor, no slaves, log cabin
3. Lincoln’s early political career
a. the Illinois lawyer
b. Congressman
1)
supports end to slavery
4. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
b.
opposes Douglas for U.S. Senate
“House Divided” speech
c.
Freeport Doctrine
a.
1)
exclude slavery by not passing laws
5. The election of 1860
a. Lincoln – Republican Party
b. Lincoln elected president
D. The South Secedes
1. South Carolina votes to secede
a. lower South states soon follow
2. Reactions to secession
a. South - most oppose secession
b. North – some opposed - some for
3. Forming the Confederacy
a. 1861 - Confederate States of
America formed
b. President Jefferson Davis
4. Attempts at compromise fail
a. Crittenden Compromise
E. The Civil War Begins
1. 1861 – Firing on Ft. Sumter
2. Border states choose sides
a. slave states stay in the Union
3. Goals of North/South
a. Lincoln: preserve the Union
b. South: uphold slavery
c. Gen. Robert E. Lee
4. Tactics and technology
a. rifles, grenades, telegraph, RR
5. Battle of Bull Run
a. first major battle – no short war
6. War in the West
a. Battle of Shiloh - split confederacy
b. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
7. War in the East
a. Battle of Antietam - bloodiest of war
F. Life During the Civil War
1. African-Americans and the war
a. escaped slaves – used as labor
b. 1863 -Emancipation Proclamation
1)
c.
freed slaves in Confederacy only
served in segregated units
2. Conditions for soldiers
a. #1 killer = disease
b. U.S. Sanitary Commission
c. down time activities
d. deadly prisoner of war camps
3. The home front
a. sacrifice and hardship
b. conscription
4. Women and the war
a. Clara Barton – Red Cross
G. The Fighting Continues
1. Blockade runners
a. supplies smuggled to South
b. 1862 - Monitor v. Merrimack
2. West of the Mississippi
a. North adds territories/resources
b. Native Americans fight on both
sides
3. Three major battles
a. Battle of Chancellorsville
1)
b.
Battle of Gettysburg
1)
c.
surprise confederate victory
turning point battle
Battle of Vicksburg
1)
Union controls Mississippi
4. Chattanooga campaign
a. opens invasion of the South
H. The Final Phase
1. Campaigns of 1864
a. Battle of the Wilderness
b. siege of Richmond
c. Sherman takes Atlanta
2. The election of 1864
a. Atlanta falls - Lincoln re-elected
b. 13th Amendment passed
1)
c.
ended slavery
Lincoln’s intends to forgive South
3. The war ends
a. Sherman’s “March to the Sea”
b. 1865 - Lee’s surrenders
1)
Appomattox Courthouse
I. Presidential Reconstruction
1. Lincoln’s 10% plan
2. Lincoln’s plan upsets Congress
a.
“Reconstruction”
b.
Lincoln - forgive
Congress (Republicans ) – punish
Wade-Davis Bill
c.
d.
1)
2)
Harsh Republican plan
Lincoln vetoes
3. Lincoln is assassinated
a. 1865 – John Wilkes Booth
b. Ford’s Theater – Booth captured
4. Johnson’s plan
a. Andrew Johnson takes over
b. still forgive – but punish wealthy
J. Congressional Reconstruction
1. Southern reaction
a. Black codes
1)
2)
b.
Freedmen’s rights limited
maintain cheap labor
Ku Klux Klan
2. Congress takes control
a. Freedman’s Bureau
b. Civil Rights Act of 1866
c. Johnson vetoes both
3. Radical Reconstruction
a. 14th Amendment
1)
b.
c.
grants citizenship
Reconstruction Acts
Andrew Johnson impeached
1)
1 vote short of removal
K. Republicans in Charge
1. 1869 – Grant is president
2. 15th Amendment
a. voting rights (not for women)
3. New governments in the South
a. scalawags – supported changes
b. carpetbaggers – trying to profit
c. freedmen take office
d. Black Codes repealed
4. Responses to freedom
a. some move North, West
b. education/churches become vital
5. Economic changes
a. sharecropping
b. tenant farmers
c. cities urbanize/industrialize
L. Reconstruction Ends
1. Southern violence
a. target: freedmen and supporters
b. Enforcement Acts passed
2. Discontent with Reconstruction
a. army must be used
b. freedmen still in virtual slavery
c. Liberal Republicans gain power
3. Impact of Reconstruction
a. southerners regain power
b. violence goes unchecked
c. Compromise of 1877
1)
2)
d.
Reconstruction Amendments
1)
e.
Hayes becomes president
troops leave South
13, 14, 15th – new rights
The “New South” born