Transcript Dictators Threaten World Peace

Nationalism
The Spread of Nationalism
CAUSE: The end of WWI didn’t bring peace and
prosperity. It brought Revolution fueled by economic
depression and struggle.
EFFECT: The rise of powerful dictators driven by
nationalism- loyalty to one’s country above all elseand dreams of territorial expansion.
Failure of the Treaty of Versailles
Germany- Caused anger and resentment. Saw the treaty
as not fair, blaming them for the war. Resentful that
they lost oversea’s colonies and border territories.
Soviets- resented the carving up of parts of Russia.
The Carving up of Europe
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Joseph Stalin
 Communist State- officially called the Soviet Union in
1922.
 Stalin- Means “Man of Steel”
 Made agricultural and industrial growth the prime
economic goal.
 Abolished all privately owned farms and replaced them
with collectives-large government-owned farms, each
worked by hundreds of families.
Stalin’s 5 year plan
• All economic activity is placed under state
management.
• By 1937- Soviet Union had become the world’s second
largest industrial power, surpassed in overall
production only by the United States
COST: Drive to purge anyone who threaten his powerStalin was responsible for millions of deaths.
Stalin created a TOTALITARIAN STATE- complete
control over its citizens. Individuals have no rights.
Rise of Fascism in Italy
ITALY LOOKS FOR A STRONG LEADER
WHY?
 Unemployment and inflation caused strikes.
 Middle and upper class demanded stronger leadership.
Benito Mussolini – powerful speaker, played on the fears
of economic collapse and communism
Fascism
Stressed Nationalism and placed the interests of the
state above those of the individuals.
To strengthen the nation- they believed power must rest
with a single leader and a small group of devoted party
members.
Mussolini achieved this by crushing all opposition and
by making Italy a totalitarian state.
Adolf Hitler
 Background- at the end of WWI- Hitler was a jobless
solider drifting around Germany.
 1919- joined a struggling group called the National
Socialist German Workers Party. Better know as the
Nazi Party.
 Hitler was a powerful public speaker and organizer
that he quickly became the party leader. Called
himself Der Fuher- “The Leader”
Nazism
Extreme Nationalism- uniting all German-speaking
people in a great German empire
2. Racial “purification”. He wanted to form the perfect
master race, the Aryans. Blonde hair-blue eyes.
Inferior races- were believed to be the Jews, Slavs,
and all nonwhites
3. National Expansion
1.
How Hitler came to power
 The Great Depression
 War debts
 Unemployment
 People were looking for a savior- Hitler saved the
economy.
Militarist Gain control of Japan
Aggression in China and Africa
 Nationalistic militarist
leaders took control of
Japan- wanted more
living space.
 Took control of the
Chinese province of
Manchuria
 Italy advanced on
Ethiopia, one of the last
African independent
countries.
League of Nations
 After Japan invaded Manchuria representatives were
sent to investigate. Japan dropped out of the League.
The League did nothing.
 German dropped out of the League of Nations and
started to rebuild its military and then sent troops to
the Rhineland. The League did nothing.
 Italy advances on Ethiopia, League warned them and
enacted an economic boycott- little influence.
 What message is the League of Nations sending?
Civil War Breaks out in Spain
 General Francisco Franco- lead a revolt against the
Spanish Republic.
 Germany and Italy backed Franco’s forces with troops.
This forged a bond between Hitler and Mussolini.
They formed a formal alliance, the Rome-Berlin Axis
 Result: Spain becomes a totalitarian government
How does the US respond??
 Isolationism-The US citizens want to stay out of world
affairs
 Neutrality Acts- outlawed sales or loans to nations at
war. After the Spanish Civil War- added ban on sale of
arms and loans to nations engaged in civil war.
Neutrality Breaks Down
 Roosevelt found it impossible to stay Neutral. He gave
aid to China, sending arms and supplies. He spoke out
strongly about the US remaining isolationists.
 “The peace, the freedom, and the security of 90 percent
of the population of the world is being jeopardized by
the remaining 10 percent who are threatening a
breakdown of all international order and law. Surely the
90 percent who want to receive peace under law and in
accordance with moral standards that have received
almost universal acceptance through the centuries, can
and must find some way…to preserve peace.” –
”Quarantine Speech,” October 5, 1937