Transcript ch 15 s4 ppt

Ch. 15 S. 4 – Aggressors Invade Nations
Japan Seeks Empire
- Japan moved toward democracy in 1920’s, joined League
- Constitution had flaws – civilian gov’t had little control of military
- Militarists took charge when the Great Depression sparked crisis
- Militarists answered to emperor, used him as face of their rule – people loved
emperor, went along for the ride
- Militarist policy called for foreign expansion to fix economy – Planned for
Pacific Empire that included China
Emperor Hirohito
Hideki Tojo – militarist prime minister
Japanese Invasion of China
- 1931 - Japan targeted Manchuria, a region of China, for their first conquest
- Japanese exploited Manchurian resources, colonized territory
- Members of League of Nations (LON) protested, took no action – Japan
quit League, ignored protests
- Japan staged attack on their own railroad, blamed China, launched full-scale
invasion in 1937
- Japanese ravaged northern cities & capital, Nanjing – slaughtered tens of
thousands in “Rape of Nanjing”
ITALIAN INVASION OF ETHIOPIA - 1935
- League of Nations did nothing to stop Japan’s invasion of Manchuria –
This encouraged other dictators to get aggressive
- 1898 – Ethiopia defeated an invading Italian Army – Mussolini
promised to avenge the defeat (militarism/nationalism!)
- Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie went to League of Nations to
Protest – they condemned Italy, but had no army to stop him
Haile Selassie at League of Nations
Hitler’s Aggression before the war:
- Annexed Austria unopposed by Austrian forces
- invaded Sudetenland - region of Czechoslovakia w/ German population
- Britain & France continued appeasement policy
- Hitler then took the rest of Czechslovakia
1936 - Hitler Remilitarized the Rhineland
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
SPAIN - stayed out of WWI:
- internal disputes, economic crises of 1920’s bring down the Monarchy
- new liberal, democratic gov’t tried to pass radical reforms
opponents - Church, army, wealthy - formed fascist party called THE
FALANGE PARTY
Falange - def - from the word “Phalanx”- (1)a group of people brought
together for a certain purpose (2) a battle formation formed by troops
CIVIL WAR
- Nationalists (Falange party) vs. Republicans (those who wanted
Democracy or Communism)
- Francisco Franco - Falange leader
- Civil war = ideological struggle - Fascism vs Democracy/Communism
- Hitler/ Mussolini helped Fascists
- Stalin, some American volunteers helped Republicans
- 1939 - Falange won - Fascist dictator Franco ruled until 1975
PROXY WAR - def. - a war instigated by a major power that
does not itself become involved
Spanish Civil War - A proxy war between Hitler & Stalin
Proxy War Today – ISIS (Sunni Arab states) vs Iraq/Syria (Shi’ite
States backed by Iran)
Guernica - Pablo Picasso
Guernica - Pablo Picasso
- The Spanish Republican gov’t commissioned Picasso to do a painting for
the World Fair in Paris, 1937
- the painting became famous for its anti-war message
- it brought the world’s attention to the horrors of the Spanish Civil War,
German atrocities
Why not take out Hitler earlier?
APPEASEMENT - def - to give in to demands in order to avoid a conflict
1. Britain & France wanted peace at any price
2. Economic problems - Br. & Fr. not ready for war
3. Br. /Fr. felt sorry for Germany - guilty over harsh
treaty of Versailles
4. Br./Fr. feared Stalin more - hoped Hitler would act as
a barrier to Communism