Transcript APUSH U.S. Entry into WWII

U.S. Entry into WWII
Essential Questions:
• What aggressive international actions were
taken by the militaristic nations of Japan,
Germany, and Italy prior to the U.S. becoming
involved in WWII?
• WHY and HOW did the U.S. become involved
in WWII?
Treaty of Versailles
• Treaty of
Versailles caused
anger and
resentment,
especially from
Germany
• French Prime
Minister
Georges
Clemenceau
sought to punish
Germany
Rise of Fascism in Italy
• Unemployment & inflation led
to strikes and unrest
• 1921, Mussolini established
the Fascist Party (nationalism
& militarism) and marched on
Rome
• Called himself “Il Duce” (the
leader)
• Mussolini achieved efficiency
in government by creating a
totalitarian form of
government
Growing Problems in Germany:
• Weimar Republic, democratic government set
up after WWI, was blamed for signing the
Treaty of Versailles.
• Hyper-inflation (money becoming less and less
valuable) at one point reached 4,200,000,000
Reichsmark = 1 US dollar.
• …..so people decided it was actually better to
burn the money for warmth then to spend it!
Weimar Republic Currency
There is also a story of a German man who
had a wheelbarrow full of cash. He left it
outside a bakery while he tried to buy
some bread. When he came outside, he
found the wheelbarrow gone, but his
money piled on the sidewalk.
Nazis Take Over Germany
• Adolf Hitler joined the
National Socialist German
Workers’ Party (Nazi) (not
socialist)
• Moved up the ranks and
eventually gets appointed
Chancellor
• Called himself “Der Furher”
(the Leader)
• Promised to bring order and
prosperity to Germany
• Wanted lebensraum, or
living space (territorial
expansion)
• Wished to unite all Germanspeaking people
Hitler&and
Nazism
cont.
Hitler
Nazism
continued
• Hitler wanted to
enforce racial
“purification”
• Believed in a blondhaired, blue-eyed
“master race” (Aryan)
Japan
• Militarist leaders took control of Imperial
government
• Had desire to expand territory for population
• 1931, Militarists attacked Manchuria, China
• League of Nations investigated and
condemned attack—Japan quits League of
Nations
• U.S. responds w/ Stimson Doctrine
Japanese
Expansion
from 19321942
League of Nations Fails
• Hitler begins military build-up
• May 1936, Ethiopia falls to Italy. Emperor
Haile Selassie appeals to League for help
to no avail
• Hitler sends troops into the Rhineland
(demilitarized German region bordering
Belgium and France)
• Japan invades rest of China in 1937
• The appeasement of Hitler w/
Sudetenland
Talk to your neighbor:
1) What types of governments form in Italy,
Germany and Japan in the 1920s and 1930s?
2) During which international events did the
League of Nations prove to be ineffective?
U.S.
U.S.Isolationist
IsolationistPolicy
Policy
• U.S. decided not to join
League of Nations after
WWI
• The U.S. was focused on
domestic concerns
• Signed the KelloggBriand Pact in 1928
• Influence of the Nye
Committee findings
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Neutrality Acts
Neutrality
Acts
•
•
•
Neutrality Act of 1935 forbade
sale of arms to militarily
aggressive nations and warned
Americans against traveling on
ships of countries at war
Neutrality Act of 1936 extended
Neutrality Act of 1935 and
disallowed loans to countries at
war
Neutrality Act of 1937 applied
no sale of arms to countries
involved in civil wars, and
prohibited Americans from
traveling on ships of countries
involved in a war
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Neutrality Put to the Test w/ Spain
• Spanish Civil War breaks
out (1936-39)
• Fascists supplied by
Mussolini and Hitler
• Embargo on arms sales
becomes unpopular
• 3,000 Americans join
Lincoln Battalion
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U.S. Response
to Japanese
Quarantine
SpeechAtrocities
• FDR increasingly
worried about
aggression in Europe
and Asia
• Makes speech in
Chicago prompting
U.S. action
• Very unpopular
“The epidemic of world lawlessness is spreading. When an epidemic of
physical disease starts to spread, the community approves and joins in a
quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community
against the spread of disease… There must be positive endeavors to
preserve peace. America hates war. America hopes for peace. Therefore,
America actively engages in the search for peace.” – FDR, 1937
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Neutrality Debate
• Germany invades the
rest of Czechoslovakia
and then Poland,
WWII officially begins
• America First
Committee
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Cash and Carry 1939
• FDR argued the fall of
Great Britain and France
will endanger the United
States
• Congress pass cash and
carry policy
• U.S. may help Britain
and France if they
purchase arms in
cash and transport
the arms themselves
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Selective Service Act 1940
Destroyers for Bases Deal
Talk to your neighbor:
1) WHY and HOW did the U.S. become involved
with World War II?
Four Freedoms Speech
Lend-Lease
• France had fallen to
Germany
• FDR proposes LendLease, or the lending
and transferring of
military equipment to
nations whose defense
was vital to the U.S.
• German submarines
attacked U.S. destroyers
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Atlantic Charter
• Aug 1941 Churchill and
FDR met on a warship
• Drew up a statement
of war aims
• Promise to seek no
gains in territory, and
support the rights of
people to choose their
own form of gov’t
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“Lend-Lease” Act (1941)
Great Britain.........................$31 billion
Soviet Union...........................$11 billion
France......................................$ 3 billion
China.......................................$1.5 billion
Other European.................$500 million
South America...................$400 million
The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000
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Strained Relations w/ Japan
• Japan continued
aggressive expansion in
Asia
• U.S. stopped exporting
scrap metal and oil
• Japan sent
representatives to
negotiate in D.C. - U.S.
resumes trade, Japan
will remove troops
• Decision to attack U.S.
already underway
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Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor
•
General
Hideki Tojo
•
•
•
Strike was expected, location
was not
November 1941 Japanese fleet
sailed in secrecy towards Pearl
Harbor under General Tojo’s
command
Attacked w/ 6 aircraft carriers
and 350 airplanes
Japanese devastate the
military base
• 8 battleships damaged
• 188 airplanes destroyed
• 2400 Am. Killed
• Missed opportunities?
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United States Declares War
• FDR asks Congress to
declare war on Japan
– “Infamy Speech”
• Italy and Germany
declare war on the
U.S.
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