Transcript File
Chapter 14
Europe and the New
World:
New Encounters,
1500 - 1800
p. 413
On the Brink of a New World
Motives and Means (God, Gold, & Glory)
Adventure: The Spirit of the Renaissance
Economic Motives: Because of Marco Polo, more
people wanted access to the East (Silks, Spices, etc.)
(Catholics & Protestants)
Political Means: Centralized Monarchies
(cut out the middle man = lower prices = more profits)
Religious Zeal: “Battle for Souls”
The Travels of John Mandeville (14th century)
(Spain, Portugal, France, England, and Netherlands)
Technology:
Ptolemy’s Geography (old maps re-discovered)
Compass (China), Astrolabe and Sextant (Middle East)
New Ships “Caravel” (3 masts, different sails, rudder etc.)
p. 416
New Horizons: The Portuguese and
Spanish Empires
Prince Henry the Navigator (1394 – 1460)
In 1415 sponsors the development of a Portuguese
Maritime School
Interested in Guns, Gold, God
Bartholomeu Dias
Sailed for Portugal. In 1487, he reaches Cape of Good
Hope.
Vasco da Gama
Sailed for Portugal. In 1497, he reaches India by
rounding Cape of Good Hope.
Map 14-1, p. 417
p. 418
p. 418
p. 418
Voyages of the New World
Christopher Columbus
Additional Discoveries:
Amerigo Vespucci (1499-1502 )
1st to Circumnavigates the Earth for Spain.
Francis Drake (1580)
Explorer who discovered that Columbus was incorrect and
that this was a new area and not Asia
Ferdinand Magellan & Del Cano (1519-1522)
2nd to circumnavigate the earth but for Great Britain
Henry Hudson (1610)
Sailing of Spain, reached the Bahamas (Oct. 12, 1492).
Additional voyages (1493, 1498, and 1502)
Never realized he was not in Asia, hence “Indians”
Would set the stage for exploration of “New World”
Discovers the Hudson Bay while looking for a Northwest
Passage”
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
Splits the New World between Spain & Portugal
p. 420
The Spanish Empire in the New
World
Early Civilizations in Mesoamerica
The Maya
The Aztecs
The Spanish Conquest of the Aztec
Empire
Hernan Cortés (1485 – 1547)
Montezuma (Montezuma)
Tenochtitlan (Modern day Mexico)
Smallpox
Aztec Empire overthrown
p. 422
p. 422
The Spanish Empire (Cont)
The Spanish Conquest of the Incan Empire
Inca buildings and roads (modern day Peru)
Francisco Pizarro (1475 – 1541)
Cuzco
Smallpox
Incas overthrown (1535)
Administration of the Spanish Empire
Encomienda
The Church
p. 424
Chronology, p. 424
Africa: The Slave Trade
Growth in the Slave Trade
Slave trade existed in Africa prior to the
European arrival.
Up to 10,000,000 African slaves taken to the
Americas between the Sixteenth and Nineteenth
Centuries.
High death rate during transit (Middle Passage)
Olaudah Equiano
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
Depopulation of African kingdoms & Warfare
Africans slave traders set the terms of sales
Guns increased tribal warfare
Europeans goods caused African cottage industries to
collapse, hence poverty.
Map 14-2, p. 427
p. 427
The West in Southeast Asia
Portugal
Spain
The Dutch and the English
Local Kingdoms (Burma, Siam, and
Vietnam)
p. 429
p. 430
p. 430
The French and the British in
India
The Mughal Empire
The Impact of the Western Powers
Portugal
England
The Dutch and the French
Sir Robert Clive
The East India Company
Battle of Plassey (1757)
p. 432
China & Japan
China
Ming Dynasty (1369 – 1644)
Qing Dynasty
Western Inroads
Russia
England
Limited Contact
Japan
Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543 – 1616)
Opening to the West
The Portuguese
Initially visitors welcomed
Catholic Missionaries
The Dutch
p. 433
p. 434
The Americas
Spain and Portugal
The West Indies
Jesuits
The British and the French
The “Sugar Factories”
North America
The Dutch
The English
New Netherlands
Jamestown (1607)
Thirteen Colonies
The French
Canada
p. 435
p. 435
Chronology, p. 436
The Impact of European
Expansion: The Conquered
Devastating effects to local populations in
America and Africa
Less impact in Asia
Multiracial society in Latin America
Ecology
Catholic Missionaries
Conversion of native populations
Hospitals, orphanages and schools
The Jesuits in Asia
Conversions in China
Japan
The Impact of European Expansion:
The Conquerors
Opportunities for women
Economic effects
Chocolate, Coffee, Tea, Rum and Tobacco
European rivalries
Columbian Exchange
Impact on European lifestyle
Gold and Silver
Exchange of plants and animals
????
Competition for empires
New views of the world
Gerardus Mercator (1512 – 1594) and his map
p. 439
Map 14-3, p. 440
p. 441
Toward a World Economy
Economic Conditions in the Sixteenth
Century
Too much Spanish gold & silver = Inflation
The Growth of Commercial Capitalism
Joint stock trading companies
New economic institutions
Primogenitor Laws
The Bank of Amsterdam
Amsterdam Bourse (Exchange)
Agriculture
New food stuff (tomatoes, potatoes, corn, etc.) &
products (coffee, tea, rum, etc.)
Mercantilism
Trade don for the benefit of the “mother
country”
Economic activity = war through
peaceful means
Importance of bullion reserves in a
states treasury
Favorable balance of trade (Export
more than you Import)
State intervention to protect trade
p. 443
Overseas Trade and Colonies:
Movement Toward Globalization
Transoceanic trade very valuable
Intra European trade
Trade patterns interlocked Europe,
Africa, the East and the Americas
Timeline, p. 445
Discussion Questions
Why were the Western European nations so well
positioned for overseas exploration?
How were the Spanish able to defeat the Aztecs and
Incas?
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange on
Europe and the Americas?
What social and economic forces drove the Slave
Trade?
What was the political & social impact on Africa?
What impact did European colonization have on the
colonized?
What economic changes occurred in Europe as a
result of Mercantilism and Capitalism?