Transcript because portugal

Why Explore?

GOLD, GLORY and GOD
Demand for goods (spices)
 Muslims and Italians controlled trade routeswanted direct routes. Take out the middle
man.
Mercantilism--belief that a nation’s real
wealth was measured in its gold and silver
treasure.

Portugal

 Portugal
 Prince Henry the Navigator
 School for exploration
 Dias – Cape of Good Hope
 Da Gama – Gets to India!!
Spain

 Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand
 Line of Demarcation-Treaty of Tordesailles
 Magellan –
Circumnavigates
(goes around the world)
 Balboa
Ponce de Leon
and Columbus
Portugal
influences Brazil
Spain—rest of
Central and South
America
Northwest
Passage

 England: John Cabot and Henry Hudson
 France: Jacque Cartier and Verranzzano
Southeast Asia

 Geography—mainland and many small islands
 Monsoons shaped trading patterns
 Women were successful merchants and rulers in
some ports
 Vietnam
 Ruled by China for 1000 years
Portugal
In Southeast Asia

 Indian Ocean--Portuguese Lake
 Gained control by military force
 Burned towns, destroyed Asian fleets
 Muslims resented Portuguese because of religious
intolerance
 Missionaries caused resentment
 Portuguese remain on the fringe of Asian trade
(strong at sea not on land)
Dutch and Spanish
In Southeast Asia

 By 1500's Dutch were the front runners of European
commerce
 Formed Dutch East Indies Company
 Captured many Portuguese ports,
 Used the military to expand trade,
but forged ties to local authorities
 Spain conquers the Philippines easily because
Filipinos were not united
Europe and India

 India’s ruling dynasty--Mughals were very civilized-larger and more powerful than Europe
 Portuguese, English, French and Dutch allowed to build
forts
 When Mughals lost power, French and English fought
over control of India
 England gains control of India because of military strength
and clever diplomacy
 The decline of the Mughal empire was
because of religious intolerance
 British East India Company drove the
French out and forced the Mughals to
recognize its power in Bengal
Robert Clive
Early China

 Ming dynasty had ended sea explorations in 1400's
 Didn’t like the foreigners--thought they had little to
trade/inferior products--gold/silver only
 Macao--Canton only places that they could trade
during the trading season.
Korea and Japan

 Korea, like China limited trading with outsiders
 Had wars with Japan and the Manchus—became isolated
 Came to be known as Hermit Kingdom
 Japan at first welcomed traders
 Adopted firearms and built castles
 Adopted Christianity
 Tokugawa shoguns grew increasingly hostile
and barred Western traders—became isolated
The Americas

 Conquistadors wanted riches and to convert Native




Americans
Cortes used help from the conquered peoples to fight the
Aztecs
Montezuma sent gifts in hopes that the
Spanish (Quetzalcoatl?) would not continue
to Tenochtitlan
The Spanish destroy the city and later build
Mexico City
Pizzaro killed thousands of Peruvians
and demanded ransom for their ruler
and then killed him anyway.
Reasons for Victory

 Superior Military Technology
 Horses, muskets, cannons, metal helmets and armor
 Division and Discontent among the Indians
 Disease brought by the Europeans
 Thought that gods had deserted them because the
Spanish seemed immune to the diseases that
devastated the Indians
 Indians believed that the disasters marked the
world’s end.
Spanish and Portuguese
Colonies in the Americas

 Spain determined to have strict control over empire
both politically and economically
 Catholic Church baptized and forced Indians into
European customs
 Forbade the use of Indian slaves after abuses in the
system--encomiendas
 Brought slaves from Africa instead
 Portugal did not bring back instant wealth
 Forced Indians to clear land
 Cattle ranching
North America

 British and French compete over lands
 British settle along the coast and
Hudson Bay
 French settle along Mississippi River
around the Great Lakes
 Jamestown nearly failed—tobacco
 French find fur
 Seven Years War--In N. America and
Europe
 France had to give up its claims
in N. America
 Native Americans are killed by
settlers and disease
around
and
Africa

 Outposts set on the coasts of Africa by European nations
 Portugal is first
 Many of the new kingdoms that developed in West Africa
in the early modern age were influenced by Islam
 Most important part of African trade--slaves
 Triangular Trade
 Middle Passage-Floating coffins
 About 11 million slaves
went to America
 Columbian Exchange—plants,
technology and cultures