Transcript Early Exploration and Colonization

Early Exploration and
Colonization
Objective #1
• Analyze the changing world situation
and its impact on the colonization effort
in America.
Objective #2
• Identify and explain reasons for
European exploration.
Objective #3
• Explain the changes and conflicts that
occurred when the diverse worlds of
Europe, Africa, and the Americans
collided after 1492.
What motivated Spanish and
Portuguese Expansion?
• Gold
– Look in Africa
– Money for industrial advancement
– Renaissance: Science and technology
– The royal coffers/wealth
– 15th c.: European mines running low
– Eastward trade routes blocked by Ottoman
Turks
What motivated Spanish and
Portuguese Expansion?
• Glory
– Fierce competition to add to empire
– Nationalism
– Renaissance inspired many people to
explore and seek individual glory
What motivated Spanish and
Portuguese Expansion?
• Spices
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Food preservation
Luxuries (sugar)
Bathing?
Columbus looked for
western trade route
to Asia
• Muslim middlemen
would charge tolls
• Long, dangerous
routes
What motivated Spanish and
Portuguese Expansion?
• Christianity
– Catholic Spain and
Portugal
– Christianize the
Asians
Portugal Took Early Lead
• Superior technology
– Examples: caravel, compass, schools
• Prince Henry the Navigator
Portugal and Africa
• Trade in gold, ivory and slaves
– 40,000 slaves taken from Africa before
discovery of America
• Millions more after discovery of America
• Will be established as a source of “cheap labor”
– Work Portuguese sugar plantations
• Modern plantation system
Christopher Columbus
• Convinced he could
reach Indies by
sailing West.
• Landed in the
Bahamas in 1492.
• Brought cinnamon,
gold, coconuts,
slaves back to Spain
Early Triangle Trade
Native Americans
• 1492: 50 million people inhabited North and
South America
• Very diverse
– Incas
– Mayans
– Aztecs
• Agricultural advancements
• Complex irrigation systems
• Some alliances (more so in the South)
Colonization (15th-17th c.)
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Spain and Portugal
Treaty of Tordesillas
Line of Demarcation
Europeans bring
disease to N.
America
• 90% of Natives
wiped out.