Transcript Chapter One New World Beginnings

Chapter One
New World Beginnings
AP U.S. History
The Shaping of North America
• Ice Age
• Land Bridge – 40,000 yrs ago!!
• Western Hemisphere – 1500 – 50 – 70 million
Earliest Americans
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Respect for environment
Trade important
Family – kinships/clans
Oral History
Strong religion/belief in spirits
European Motives for Exploration in
the Age of Discovery
• Emerging nation-states sought power; competed
against rivals
• New technology enabled Europeans to dominate
• Economics - Need for new markets esp. from the East
(e.g., spices)
• Desire to Christianize new peoples
• Renaissance (starting late 14th c. lasting well into
16th c.)
• Atmosphere of rebirth, optimism, exploration
Indirect Discoverers of the World
• Crusades
– Spices, silks, etc
• Looking for routes
Europeans Enter Africa
• Marco Polo
• African winds – problems?
• Portuguese – caravel –
to help find an all-water
route to Asia
• African Coast – trading posts
• Slavery
– Before Portugal – could move out of slavery
– After Portugal – becomes intercontinental business, no
moving out!
– 12 million
Columbus Comes Upon a New World
• Why? Wealth, glory Christianity
• Backed by Spain – competition
with Portugal
• Renaissance
• Page 14 ***** Changed 4
continents – KNOW!!!!!
When World’s Collide
• Columbian Exchange – Chart page 15 ***** KNOW!!!
• Sugar Cane
• Negatives
The Spanish Conquistadors
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Encomiendas
Balboa – Pacific Ocean
Magellan – circumnavigate
Ponce de Leon - Florida
De Soto - Southeast
Pizarro – Inca’s
Cortes – pages 20 – 21 – big religious differences
The Spread of Spanish America
• Cabot
• Cartier
• Spain encouraged settlement in 3 areas:
– Southeast Coast – protest fleets of
gold/silver – St. Augustine, FL
– Southwest – mining
– West Coast – est trade routes
across Pacific, set up missions
Questions
• What role did disease and forced labor
(including slavery) play in the early settlement
of the Americas? Were the Spanish and
Portuguese “harsh” conquerors?