Transcript The Need for Exploration

Bellringer
• Turn in your definitions to the Homework Bin
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work too!
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• BJOTD: Why do nuns like Swiss cheese the
best?
Why did Europeans go Exploring?
1. There was a demand for gold,
spices, and natural resources in Europe
• During the Crusades,
Europeans had been
introduced to luxury
goods and spices from
Asia and after the wars
Europeans still wanted
these goods
• With the loss of
Constantinople in 1453,
Europeans needed new
maritime (by ship) routes
for trade
• Spices, such as nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and
pepper added flavor to the bland foods in
Europe
• Since demand was so high, merchants could
charge high prices and make a lot of profit
(money)
2. There was support for the diffusion
(spreading) of Christianity
• After the Crusades,
European nations
believed they had a duty
to convert non-Christians
to Christianity
throughout the world.
• Dias wrote, “…to serve
God and His Majesty, to
give light to those who
are in darkness and to
grow rich as all men
desire to do.”
3. Political and economic competition
between European Empires
• European nations each wanted the respect
that comes with an important discovery, and
the money that comes with finding new things
to trade
4. There were many discoveries in
navigational arts made by both
Europeans and Muslims
• Until the 1400s, it would
have been impossible for
explorers to make the
3,000 mile trip
• 1400-a new type of ship
was invented: the caravel
– The caravel was sturdier
than other vessels and
had triangle sails that
allowed it to sail more
efficiently in the wind.
• Astrolabe: helped
sailors determine
their location on the
sea
• Magnetic Compass:
used the earth’s
magnetic field to
determine direction
(N, S,E,W)
5. Prince Henry helped Portugal take
the lead in the exploration race
• Henry first learned of the land
beyond Europe when he
conquered the Muslim city of
Ceuta in Northern Africa in 1415
• He went back to Portugal
determined the reach the riches
of the Far East and spread
Christianity
• 1419: he founded a navigational
school in Portugal
– Mapmakers, compass and
astrolabe makers, shipbuilders,
scientists, and sea captains
studied here to become the best
Processing
• Which of the motives do you think was most
important to the Europeans and why?
• Why was Prince Henry important to the
beginnings of exploration?
Vasco da Gama
• Sailed from Portugal
• Went to India
• Known for finding a
new route to Asia by
sailing
– (he went around Africa)
Christopher Columbus
• From Spain
• Went to the Americas
(the Caribbean)
• He is known for being
the first European to
travel to the Caribbean
Hernando Cortez
• From Spain
• Went to Mexico
• Known for conquering the
Aztec Empire
Francisco Pizarro
• From Spain
• Went to the Americas
(South America—Peru)
• Known for conquering
the Incan Empire
Ferdinand Magellan
• From Spain
• Went all around the
globe. (He
circumnavigated the
world!)
• Known for being the first
to circumnavigate the
world
– But…he died when he was
¾ of the way around—his
crew made it back to Spain
Francis Drake
• Sailed from England
• Went around the globe
• Known for being the
first British man to
circumnavigate the
world AND for being a
pirate
Jacques Cartier
• From France
• Went to the Americas
(Canada)
• Known for discovering
Canada
Processing
• Which one of the above explorers do you
think affected the world we live in today the
most? Why?
Classwork
• Directions: You will be making an advertisement
encouraging people to explore. Your goal: to get
people to start their own explorations for a
European country of your choice.
– Requirements:
• Emphasize the 5 motivations/reasons why exploration took
place (in words AND pictures)
• Use the voyages and achievements of at least THREE of the
explorers we discussed today to help people become
interested in exploring!
– Materials: paper, COLORING!, books, other materials…
– If not completed, needs to be finished tonight