Transcript The Age of Exploration - Miami Beach Senior High School

The Age of
Exploration
MA.A.2.4.2; SS.D.2.4.6;
LA.A.2.4.8; SS.A.3.4.3;
SS.B.2.4.6; SS.B.2.4.3;
SS.B.2.4.5
There is a world outside
the Mediterranean?
• Europeans start traveling past
Mediterranean region
• Marco Polo, writes The Travels,
about his journey to China
– Many Europeans read Polo’s account
• Ottoman Empire prevents
Europeans from traveling East by
land, a sea route to E. Asia needed
Why Explore? God, Glory & Gold
• European nations wanted to grow
more trade with Asia:
– Spices - Arab middlemen= $$$$
– Gold, finding mythical “El Dorado”
• Desire to spread religion
• Desire to make self and nation
look better to others by growing in
wealth and spreading faith
Europe Stretches Out
• 1420: Portugal explores Africa’s
west coast; ordered by Prince
Henry the Navigator
– Gold found on Africa’s Gold Coast
• First Bartholomeu Dias, then Vasco
da Gama sail around the Cape of
Good Hope
– Da Gama brings spice from Calicut,
makes several thousand percent
• Many Portuguese follow same
route
Trade Battles Spice Up
• Portuguese send warships to take
control of trade routes from
Muslim ships
– 1590: Portuguese ships defeat
combined Turkish/Indian forces
– Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque est.
Port of Goa on India’s west coast
• Portugal colonize Melaka
– From Melaka travel to China and
Spice Islands
• Portugal est. small trading empire
“Discovery” of America
• Portugal reaches Spice Islands by
sailing east, Spain sails west
• 1492: Italian Christopher
Columbus convinces Queen
Isabella of Spain to fund voyage
– Reaches Cuba & Hispañola,
eventually explores all Caribbean
islands and Honduras
– Thought he was exploring The Indies
Christopher Columbus
Stay Out Of My Yard!
• Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain & Portugal
draw “Line of Demarcation” running
north-south through the Atlantic and S.
Amer.
– Portugal’s land= east of line (Africa)
– Spain’s land= west of line (Most of
America)
• More Europeans believe Columbus had
found totally new continent; not Asia
Portuguese Speakers (Pop: 240
million): Portugal, Brazil, Angola,
Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau,
Mozambique, Sao Tome & Principe,
East Timor
Spanish Speakers (Pop: 500 million):
Spain, Mexico, Colombia, Argentina,
Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Cuba, Bolivia, D.R., P.R.,
Honduras, El Salv., Paraguay, Uraguay,
Nicaragua, C.Rica, Equ. Guinea, Panama
On Your Mark, Set, Go…
• John Cabot: Venetian man,
explores New England coast for
England
• Pedro Cabral: claims Brazil for
Portugal
• Amerigo Vespucci:writes letters
about what he saw in New World
– New World renamed “America” after
Vespucci’s letters
• New World to Europeans= Home
to Native Americans
Spanish Conquest
• Conquistadors: Spanish
conquerors of America
– Hernan Cortez defeats mighty
Aztecs in just three years
– 1550: Spain controls Mexico
• Francisco Pizarro: takes control
of Inca Empire in S.A. Andes Mts.
• Spanish have tight control of L.A.
– Queen Isabella issues encomienda,
the right to use Natives as slaves
Spain & The Native Americans
• Slavery, starvation and disease
decimate Native populations
• 1492-1538: Population of
Hispañola from 250,000 to 500
• Spanish missionaries come to
baptize Native Americans
• Spanish way of life replaces the
Native American ways of living
The Global Economy
• Columbian Exchange: great
exchange of animals, plants,
people b/w Old & New Worlds
• Other Europeans want in on what
Spain and Portugal have
– Portugal replaces Italy as main trade
port of Europe
– Spain grows rich with American gold
• England est. trade with India,
Dutch East India Co. follows
1
England & The Netherlands
English
• Est. colonies in
N.A.; Mass. Bay &
Virginia
• Colonize East
Coast of N.A.
• Growing French
presence in
Canada worries
English
• Colonize
Caribbean
Dutch
• East India Co.
• West India Co.
• Est. colony
around Hudson R.
• Lose New Neth.
To England;
renamed New
York
• Remain in
Caribbean