Transcript CONQUEST IN AMERICA

Video
AGE OF EXPLORATION
CONQUEST IN AMERICA
COLONIZATION IN THE AMERICAS
 CONQUISTADOR:
Spanish conqueror
 After Columbus & Magellan…
 Hernan Cortes (Spain) - conquistador who
arrived in Mexico in 1519, looking for
lands to claim & searching for “City of
Gold”
HERNAN CORTES
VS
Video 

Came across Aztec Empire Greeted by
Montezuma

Aztecs thought Spaniards were “iron-clad gods”

Defeated Aztecs (1. Superior weapons, 2. Used
enemies to help, 3. Disease)

Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital) became Mexico City
AZTEC EMPIRE
FRANCISCO PIZARRO
VS
Bio. Video 
Conquistador who arrived in Inca Empire (Peru)
in 1523
 Captured Atahualpa for ransom of gold/silver;
silver became a HUGE commodity!

Video 

Spanish eventually conquered, taking over
lands from Ecuador to Chile
REASONS FOR CONQUISTADORS’ SUCCESSES

Military: horses, muskets, cannons, armor

Division among natives: Aztecs/Incas had many
tribal enemies

Oppression/abuse of Native Americans: forced
to work in encomienda system (slave farming)

Disease: new to Native Americans; challenged
beliefs
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS?
 90%
of indigenous population died b/c
of enslavement, overwork, or diseases:
Smallpox
Measles
 Optional
Video
Influenza
 Many
converted to Christianity by force
 Caught
in battle between Spain &
Portugal
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS

1494 - Agreement between Spain & Portugal
negotiated by Pope Alexander VI

LINE OF DEMARCATION divides “New World”
 Portugal
gets everything EAST of the line (Brazil &
East Indies)
 Spain gets everything WEST of the line (Central
America, Caribbean, & most of South America)
GET OUT YOUR MAP #1!
SPANISH ECONOMY & SOCIAL CLASSES



Can only import/export with Spain
MERCANTILISM: how much gold/silver a country has
ORDER OF SOCIAL CLASS in New Spain:





Peninsulares – born in Spain
Creoles – American-born
descendents of Spanish settlers
Mestizos – Native & Spanish
descent
Mulattoes – Spanish & African
descent
Native Americans
African slaves
PORTUGUESE ECONOMY (BRAZIL)

Nobles given land
grants; shared profits
with king in Portugal

Turned to plantation
agriculture (esp. sugar)
and livestock raising

5 million + Africans
brought into Brazil as
slaves
VIDEO: CONQUISTADORS

In Spanish (no subtitles), but gives it an
authentic feel!
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE


1500-1600
Great exchange of new foods, plants, animals, culture,
tools, humans, technology, and diseases between the
Old World (Europe/Africa) and the New World
(America)
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE VIDEO
(CRASH COURSE)
AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS VIDEO

Optional (time permitting), part 3 of 3.
(30 minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9L_jhUID8
CRASH COURSE VIDEO

The Spanish Empire, Silver, & Runaway Inflation
(time permitting)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos