Transcript Chapter 20 The Atlantic World

The Atlantic World
1492-1800
The Voyages of Columbus
What we know
What we want to know
What we learned
Columbus Sets Sail
Embarks from Spain in 1492
3 ShipsThe Nina
The Pinta
The Santa Maria
Instead of sailing south around Africa then
east, Columbus sails west across the
Atlantic in search of an alternate trade route
to Asia
Columbus Finds Land
First sees land on October 12, 1492
Columbus lands on an island in the Bahamas
Claims the island for Spain, calls it San Salvador
Meets the inhabitants
-calls them los indios
*we still today mistakenly refer to
Native Americans as Indians
What observations does Columbus make in his journal of
the natives?
Columbus Returns to Spain
Returns to Spain in early 1493
with six of the los indios
Spain agrees to finance three
more trips to the west
Columbus makes his 2nd trip in
September, 1493
-fleet of 17 ships
-over 1,000 soldiers,
crewmen, colonists
Chapter 20: Terms
Colonies:
lands that are controlled by another nation
A group of people leave their native country to
settle in a new land
The Voyages of Columbus
What we know
What we want to know
What we learned
Other Explorers Take to the Seas
Amerigo Vespucci
Also an Italian (who else was Italian?)
Sailed for Portugal
Traveled along the coast of South America and
claimed that it was a “new land” not Asia
In 1507, a German mapmaker named the “new
land” America in honor of Amerigo Vespucci
Other Explorers Take to the Seas
Ferdinand Magellan
Convinced the king of
Spain to fund a voyage to
the Pacific Ocean which
was yet to be explored
-set sail in 1519
-5 ships, 250 men
-reached the Philippines
where Magellan dies
18 men and one ship make it back to Spain in 1522,
the first people to sail around the world
AZTEC NEWS Assignment
You will be working in teams
Your team should have:
1 (or 2) news anchors
An Aztec warrior
An Aztec citizen
A Conquistador
You will need to research and prepare a news broadcast of
the events of the conquests of the Aztecs from 1519 to 1521
Groups will present their broadcasts to the class on Thursday,
October 6th. Broadcasts/presentations must be between 5
and 8 minutes and will be timed.
Teams will be graded on their preparedness, the relevance of
the questions in the broadcast, and the accuracy of their
answers. Extra credit will be given for theatricality
AZTEC NEWS Assignment
News Anchors: Prepare a minimum of three questions for
each of the guests on your news broadcast (an Aztec Citizen,
an Aztec warrior, and a Spanish Conquistador)
Aztec Government Official: You will be speaking regarding the
possible reasons for the conquests and its effects on the cities
Aztec Warrior: You will be speaking regarding fighting
techniques and outcomes of the conquests
Conquistador: You will be speaking regarding fighting
techniques and outcomes of the conquests
Keep in mind the 5 W’s of journalism: Who, What, Where, When, and Why
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
Questions/Keywords Notes
Summary
Chapter 20: Terms
Conquistadors:
(conquerors)
Spanish explorers in the new world
Conquered much of the Americas for Spain and
Portugal
Created colonies in Mexico, South America and the
United States
The Aztec Empire: A Quick Review
The Aztec Empire
Population: 200,000 to 400,00 in the early 1500’s
Built a central city with palaces, temples, and
government buildings
Had “floating gardens” which produced large amounts
of food to feed the large population
Had other goods such as cotton, gold, and jade
Spanish Conquests in Mexico
Hernando Cortes
A Spanish explorer
Lands on the shore of Mexico in 1519
Marches inland looking to conquer more new
land for Spain
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
Cortez learns of the wealth and gold of the
Aztecsmarches with his men
to their capital
Montezuma sees Cortez in armor and thinks
he is a godshares his gold supply
with Cortez
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
In 1521 Cortez and his men conquer the
Aztecs even though they were extremely
outnumbered
How does he do this??
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
1. Superior weaponry: swords, muskets, and
cannons vs. bow and arrows
2. Allies other native groups: resented the Aztecs for
heavy taxes and harsh practices
3. Aztecs had no immunity to European diseases:
mumps, measles, smallpox, typhus
Spanish Conquests in Peru
Francisco Pizarro
A Spanish Conquistador
Traveled with about 200 men to conquer land in South
America
Conquered the Incan Empire
in peru
Spanish Conquests in Peru
Francisco Pizarro
Called for a meeting with the Incans
- ambushed them and killed all but the Incan
Ruler Atahualpa
Kidnapped Atahualpa
- asks for a ransom
Spanish Conquests in Peru
Francisco Pizarro
Incans gave a large sum of wealth (gold and
silver) in exchange for Atahualpa’s release
After receiving the ransom,
Pizzaro killing Atahualpa
Spanish Conquests in Peru
Francisco Pizarro
After killing the Incan king, Pizzaro marched to
the Incan capital, Cuzco, and captures in
without struggle in 1533
Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
1. A _________ population developed as Spanish
men developed relationships with native women.
2. What is encomienda?
3. How did Spanish rulers promise they would treat
workers? How did they treat their workers?
Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
1. A _________ population developed as Spanish men developed
relationships with native women.
mestizo
2. What is encomienda?
A system where natives farmed, ranched, or mined for Spanish landlords
3. How did Spanish rulers promise they would treat workers? How did they
treat their workers?
They promised to treat workers fairly and with respect. They abused the
natives and worked many laborers to death.
Chapter 20: Terms
Encomienda:
A grant of land made by Spain to settlers in the
Americas and the right to use Native Americans as
laborers on the land
Mestizo:
A person of mixed Spanish and Native American
Ancestry
Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
1. Who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what did he
find deplorable?
2. What was Las Casas solution to labor needs after the
encomienda system was abolished in 1542?
3. Spain was driven out of Mexico in 1680; however, at this
time they had far greater concers. What were their
concerns?
Spain’s Pattern of Conquest
1. Who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what did he find
deplorable?
A Dominican monk. The encomienda system
2. What was Las Casas solution to labor needs after the
encomienda system was abolished in 1542?
African slaves, who he believed to be harder workers
3. Spain was driven out of Mexico in 1680; however, at this
time they had far greater concers. What were their
concerns?
Other nations of Europe who had begun to build their own
colonies in the Americas