Transcript Chapter 20.1 Notes

3/20 Warm Up
What is the Act of Supremacy? Who is instated it and why?
What religion does Queen Elizabeth I establish in England?
What is unique about this religion?
Who Created Calvinism? What is Calvinism? (what are their
main beliefs)
Calvinism will spread to Scotland? Who is responsible for this
expansion and what will Scottish followers be called?
What were the Jesuits and who was their founder?
ONCE FINISHED! GO TO EDMODO and complete the 19.1
Worksheet!
FINISH UP BY 11:30!
19.1 & 20.1: Spain Builds an American
Empire
I CAN:
Describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas
Define/ Describe:Columbus
Colonies
Vespucci
Magellan
Conquistadors
Cortez
Aztecs
Pizarro
Atahualpa
Inca
Meztizo
Encomienda System
Ponce de Leon
Cabral
H- 19.1: Europeans Explore the East p529-530 “For “God, Glory, & Gold”
1. What role did the Renaissance play in launching an age of exploration?
2. The desire to grow ________________ and to spread
__________________, coupled with advances in _________________ spurred
an age of European exploration.
3. Which trade goods did Europeans continue to demand after the Crusades?
4. Which 2 groups controlled the trade routes from East to West?
*5. How might the phrase “God, Glory, & Gold” summarize the European’s
motivation for exploration?
6. In what ways did Europeans owe some of their sailing technology to other
people?
20.1: Spanish
Conquests in the
Americas
Why did exploration
occur?
Explorers:
1. Christopher ColumbusOn August 3, 1492
Columbus set Sail from
Palos Spain with 3 ships &
88 men
What was the name of his
ships?
What do you know about
Christopher Columbus?
B.
Arawak men and women, naked, tawny, and full of
wonder, emerged from their villages onto the island's
beaches and swam out to get a closer look at the strange
big boat. When Columbus and his sailors came ashore,
carrying swords, speaking oddly, the Arawaks ran to
greet them, brought them food, water, gifts. He later
wrote of this in his log:
They ... brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears
and many other things, which they exchanged for the
glass beads and hawks' bells. They willingly traded
everything they owned... . They were well-built, with
good bodies and handsome features.... They do not bear
arms, and do not know them, for I showed them a sword,
they took it by the edge and cut themselves out of
ignorance. They have no iron. Their spears are made of
cane... . They would make fine servants.... With fifty men
we could subjugate them all and make them do
whatever we want.
What is Columbus’
impression of the
Arawak?
2. Amerigo Vespucci1st to claim: the newly
discovered land was NOT part
of Asia but a NEW WORLD
What is named after Vespucci?
3. Ferdinand Magellansailed around S. America & onto the Philippines where he was killed
Magellans crew was the 1st to
Circumnavigate the globe
Conquistadors:
Spanish explorer/ fortune hunter
1. Hernando Cortez conquered the
Aztecs
Where were the Aztecs located?
Montezuma (Aztec emperor)
thought Cortez was a god
3 reasons for the Aztec defeat:
Superior Weapons
Local Allies
Disease
Montezuma welcomed Cortes to
Tenochtitlan (the Aztec capital)
Cortez & Spanish soldiers
confront the Indians
Cortes' massacred thousands of Aztec people
Conquistadors:
2. Francisco Pizarro
defeated the Incans
Where were the
Incans located?
Atahualpa (Incan
leader) was
defeated quickly
 Juan Ponce de Leon claimed modern-day
Florida for Spain
 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led
expeditions into present-day AZ, NM, TX,
OK, & KS
 In 1500, the explorer Cabral claimed
Brazil for Portugal
*The only part of the new world NOT controlled
by the Spanish (Treaty of Tordesailes)
Found no gold/silver but began successful sugar
industry
Pattern of Conquest
 Spanish Peninsulares imposed their culture upon natives
 Creation of a meztizo population
 mistreatment
burned sacred objects, prohibited sacred rituals,
forced religious conversions, abusive forced labor
 Encomienda system
(a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the
Americas, including the right to use Native Americans
as laborers on it)
 Finding little gold, Priests settle in SW
 Spanish priests pushed for better treatment of
natives
led to the abolishment of the encomienda
system
When the encomeinda system was abolished,
where would labor come from?
1. How did the Renaissance encourage exploration?
2. Summarize motives for exploration.
3. What did Europeans get from others that helped them in the age of
exploration?
4. What was the significance of Columbus’s voyages?
5. Who claimed that the land was NOT part of Asia but a “new world”
6. What was Magellan's crew able to do?
7. What is a conquistador?
8. Name 2 conquistadors.
9. What factors helped the Spanish defeat the Aztecs?
10. What was set up in Brazil?
11. How did the Spanish treat the Natives?
12. What is a mestizo?
13. What was the system where the Spanish king would grant...?
God, Glory, Gold
Encomienda System
Mestizo
Disease
Inca
Sugar
Atahualapa
Montezuma
Brazil
Pizzaro
Ponce de Leon
Vesspucci
Columbus
Magellan
Cortez
Conquistador
“New World”
Nina, Pinta, Santa
Maria
1.
2.
3/24
Warm
Up
What was the French and Indian war about? What was the result?
What was England’s first permanent colony? Was it successful? What did
the profit from?
3.
What does the middle passage refer to?
4.
Why did Europeans see Africans as a better source of labor than African
Americans?
5.
How was Africa effects by the Atlantic slave trade? (Look it up)
20.4 Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange
Causes: The
colonization of the
Americas increased
trade between
Europe, Africa, and
America
Effects: Spread of
diseases, food,
livestock; +/-
Commercial Rev.
Causes: Establishment
of colonial empires
leads to new wealth;
Effects: Rise in
Capitalism; Merchants
obtain great wealth,
continue to invest their
money in trade, profits
let them invest even
more
Commercial Rev.
Causes: Establishment
of colonial empires
leads to new wealth;
Effects: Rise in
Capitalism; Merchants
obtain great wealth,
continue to invest their
money in trade, profits
let them invest even
more
Inflation
Causes: Increased economic activity in Europe
increase nation’s money supply
Effects: Supply of goods decreased while
demand increased, price of goods goes up
Formation of jointstock companies
Causes: High cost of colonization,
Investors need to combine their
wealth to reduce potential loss
Effects: Establishment of
Jamestown & other colonies;
Joint stock companies involve
many members, so pay a fraction
of cost—lose only a small amount,
gain big if investment paid off
Growth of Mercantilism
Causes: Desire for power & belief that a
country’s power depended mainly on its wealth
Effects: Goal of every European nation became
attainment of as much wealth as possible by
achieving a favorable balance of trade &
acquiring gold & silver---- using colonies
How did capitalism change the balance of
power in European countries?
Gov’ts were no longer the sole owners of great
wealth; merchants/ individuals become
wealthy
Why was self-sufficiency so important to a
country practicing mercantilism?
It minimized the amount a country had to
import, contributing to a favorable balance of
trade
3/25 Warm Up
How did colonies play role in mercantilism? ( more than
one answer)
Why is self- sufficiency important to a country practicing
mercantilism?
What is capitalism? How did it change the balance of
Power in European countries
What are joint stock companies?