Transcript Spanish Settlements

SPANISH SETTLEMENTS
THE LEGACY OF MARCO POLO THROUGH
COLUMBUS
MARCO POLO’S LEGACY
POLO’S EXPLORATION IN THE 13TH
CENTURY
MARCO POLO’S LEGACY
• During the Renaissance:
• Books and reading spread rapidly after Western Europe was
introduced to the Printing Press in 1440
As a result of more books and more reading, Polo’s book on
his adventures in China was widely read and inspired a new
generation of explorers
MARCO POLO’S LEGACY
• Governments wanted to find safer and faster
trading routes to and from China
• Why?
MARCO POLO’S LEGACY
MARCO POLO’S LEGACY
• Most explorers tried to go south around the African
peninsula
• One man traveled West for the route
• Columbus was heavily inspired by Polo’s writing
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
• Columbus, an Italian, was able to convince Spanish
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to sponsor the
voyage
• Why would the Spanish government want to
sponsor an Italian’s exploration?
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
• Aug 1492• Columbus set sail
After more than a month at sea, they finally spotted land!
The crew landed at San Salvador Island in the Caribbean
Islands
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
• In total, Columbus made four trips to and from
Spain
• Every time, he discovered more land and would
claim it for Spain
• When he died, Columbus believed that he
discovered the west Indies
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• The Columbian Exchange- The exchange of plants,
animals, diseases, and people across the Atlantic
Ocean between Europe and the Americas
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• Europeans Brought:
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Wheat
Rice
Domesticated animals (horses, cows, pigs, sheep)
Diseases (by accident)
• Europeans Took Back:
• Corn
• Potatoes
• Squash
This greatly benefited the European diet
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
The Europeans used Native Americans for work.
•
How and why?
As the native population decreased (diseases wiped
out about 90% of native populations), Europeans
began to bring African slaves for cheap labor
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• Over the next 300 years, millions of Africans would
be carried across the Atlantic and sold into slavery
• African Lords would sell their people
• Europeans would conquer a land and people, and sell the
people
Journey lasted from weeks to months on a crowded, disease
ridden, smelly boat and many died along the way
CORTEZ
• Conquistadors- Spanish soldier-explorers. Mainly
relates to those who conquered the native peoples
of Mexico and Peru
• Their mission?
CORTEZ
• Hernan Cortez (Cortes`)
• Arrived in Mexico in 1519 with 500
soldiers
• Aztec capital- Tenochtitlan
• Some soldiers believed they were
dreaming at seeing the beauty of
the city
CORTEZ
• Put yourself in the Aztec’s position.
• You see an army of people like you have never seen before
with shiny clothes.
• What do you do?
CORTEZ
• Some mistook Cortez for an Aztec god and
welcomed him as a hero
CORTEZ
• With help from the spread of smallpox and a
number of Indians who hated their ruler, Cortez
conquered the capital city
• The Spaniards ripped down the city and used it’s
old stones to build Mexico City
• Became the capital city of a new Spanish empire called
New Spain
PIZARRO
• Francisco Pizarro- 1532
• Led attack on powerful Inca Empire (present day Peru)
• Smallpox killed thousands before soldiers arrived
• Pizarro captures Incan ruler, holds him for ransom. The Incas
pay with three FULL rooms of gold and silver.
• Pizarro kills the ruler, takes the money, and takes the Empire
• This led to the eventual conquering of the rest of the Incan
Empire
THE SPANISH BORDERLANDS
• After discovering gold and silver in Mexico and
Peru, the Spanish pushed north into what is now the
southwest United States
• After learning about Native Indian culture,
resources, and regions last week, what do you think
the Spaniards found?
FLORIDA
• Juan Ponce de Leon
• Sailed with Columbus and made
fortune by discovering gold in Puerto
Rico
• Fascinated by the “Fountain of
Youth” myth
• Landed in Florida in 1513 to
search for the Fountain
FLORIDA
• Ponce de Leon returned in 1521 with 200 men to
establish a Spanish colony
• Colony- a new settlement or territory established and
governed by a country in another land
• Instead of finding the Fountain, Ponce de Leon
found a poison arrow in his gut
THE SEVEN CITIES OF CIBOLA
• Seven Cities of Cipola- so rich that street and
houses were decorated with gold and jewels
• Spanish became convinced the cities were
somewhere in North America• Led to the exploration of what is now the American
Southwest
• Search began in Florida, then Texas
THE SEVEN CITIES OF CIBOLA
• The Coronado Expedition – 1540
• Led by Francisco Vasquez and de Coronado
• A famous conquistador
• Traveled more than 7,000 miles north of Mexico City
THE CORONADO EXPEDITION
THE CORONADO EXPEDITION
• Found pueblos
• A village of apartment-like buildings made of stone and
adobe rising four-five stories high
• Continued north through the Great Plains before
heading back to Mexico City
• They found NOTHING
SETTLING THE BORDERLANDS
• By 1600, the Spanish borderlands extended from Florida
across present day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and
California
• Rival European nations began to show interest in the
lands, conquistadors would go to protect the land
• Presidios- walled forts the Spanish soldiers lived in to
protect Spanish claims
• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/
Non-Native-American-Nations-Territorial-Claims-overNAFTA-countries-1750-2008.gif
SETTLING THE BORDERLANDS
• Catholic Missionaries
• Missionaries- people who travel to a territory or community in
order to make converts to their religion
• Built settlements where they taught natives new skills and
preached Christian faith
• Catholic priests order the whipping of native religious
leaders who continued to practice their own faith
• Lead to an uprising/revolt that would drive the Spanish
out
• They would later return
NEW FRANCE
• As Spain sent ship loads of gold back to Europe:
• Spain seemed to grow wealthier and more powerful
• Other European nations became jealous
• No other nation could challenge Spain’s claims in
America so they began to search for new lands to
settle
NEW FRANCE
• Jacques Cartier- 1534
• Frenchmen who explored the Atlantic coast of North
America
• Wanted to find am all-water passage through North
America to the Pacific Ocean
• Is there such a passage?
NEW FRANCE
• Jacques Cartier
• Never found passage, but did
claim land for France (what is now
Canada
• Did discover beaver fur (made
hats for Europeans)
NEW FRANCE
• Samuel de Champlain – 1608
• Founded first Canadian settlement, a trading post called
Quebec
• Would be a base for the French for the next 150 years
• Coureurs de bois- French fur trappers who learned
many skills from the American Indians with whom
they worked and lived
NEW FRANCE
• Harsh climate of New France failed to attract a
large number of settlers
• Much like the Spanish borderlands
• The best farming land would be given to French nobility
who then rented out to farmers
• Farmers who rented would eventually leave to find their own
land so they did not have to pay rent
NEW FRANCE
• The French focused more on fur trade than farming
• Harsh climate
• Did not try to conquer the Indians or put them to work
• The French and Indians became business partners
• Fur traders married into the Huron Tribe
• Learned how to survive in the wilderness for months
NEW FRANCE
• Claiming Louisiana – 1673
• Father Marquette and Louis Joliet explored down the
Mississippi River
• Followed the river to the Gulf of Mexico hoping it would
lead to the Pacific Ocean
• 1682- Robert de La Salle Claimed West of the
Mississippi River for France- Louisiana
JAMESTOWN- THE FIRST ENGLISH
COLONY
• John Cabot- Sought his own route to Asia
• Set sail in 1497 and landed in Newfoundland (off the coast
of Canada
• Mistakenly believed he landed in Asia
THE LOST COLONY OF ROANOKE
• Sir Walter Raleigh wanted to start a colony off the
coast of North Carolina