Transcript Spain Builds An Empire

Spain Builds
an Empire
Portugal Takes the Lead
• Henry the Navigator encourages
improvements in cartography,
navigation, and ship design
• Bartholomeu Diaz rounds Cape of
Good Hope (1488)
• Vasco da Gama reaches India (1497)
• Portuguese soon seize key outposts
around Indian Ocean & create vast
trading empire
Prince Henry, the Navigator
School for Navigation, 1419
Christofo Colon
[1451-1506]
Spain Enters the Race
• Competition for wealth in Europe
• 1492 - Columbus finally convinces
Spain’s Ferdinand & Isabella to
finance his attempt to reach Asia by
sailing west.
The Pinta
The Nina
The Santa Maria
“Tierra, Tierra”
• October 12, 1492 the Pinta sees land.
• He thought he reached the East Indies, instead he
reached the Bahamas.
• He greeted the indigenous as los indios
• He named the island San Salvador (“holy savior”)
• Despite making three more voyages to the
Americas, Columbus goes to his grave convinced
that he had reached Asia.
Gold?
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Columbus finds no gold on San Salvador
The Spanish monarchs are pleased
They finance 3 more trips
Intent: to colonize the islands
Colonies- lands that are controlled by another
nation.
• Transformed Caribbean into Spanish colonies and
paved the way for American settlement
Columbus’ Four Voyages
Other Explorers
• Pedro Alvares Cabral- reaches Brazil 1500
(Portugal)
• Amerigo Vespucci- an Italian sailing for Portugal
traveled along South America was 1st to describe it
as a “new world” 1501
• In 1507 the continent is named__________.
• Vasco Nunez de Balboa marches through
Panama (1st to see Pacific Ocean)
• Line Of Demarcation
The Treaty of Tordesillas,
1494 &
The Pope’s Line of Demarcation
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan & the First
Circumnavigation of the World:
The First Spanish
Conquests: The Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortez
Montezuma II
Hernando Cortez
• Arrived in Mexico
• Cortez and men known as
conquistadors
• Spanish are the 1st European
settlers in America
• The Spanish leave a HUGE
impact on the Mexican culture
• Conquered the Aztecs
• Effect on the Natives: Disease
Cortez and the Aztecs
• Tenochtitlan- capitol of the Aztec empire
• Montezuma- ruler of the Aztec empire
• Montezuma is convinced that Cortez is a
god!
• Agrees to give him a share of the empires
gold.
• Cortez is not happy and goes to war with
the Aztecs conquering them in 1521 by:
– Superior weaponry
– Disease
Mexico Surrenders to Cortez
The Death of Montezuma II
The First Spanish
Conquests: The Incans
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa
Spanish Conquests in Peru
• 1532 Francisco Pizarro marched in South
America and conquered the Incan Empire.
• Atahualpa- the Incan Ruler brought several
thousand of his 30,000 men to meet Pizarro.
• Pizarro ambushes Atahualpa and ransoms him.
• Atahualpa fills a room with gold and silver.
• Pizarro is not satisfied so he strangles Atahualpa
and conquers Cuzco, the Inca capitol city in
1533.
Spain’s conquest
• Peninsular- a Spanish settler in the
Americas
• Mestizo-a mixed Spanish and Native
American population.
• Encomienda- a Spanish grant to
American settlers, including the right
to use Native Americans as laborers.
The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Native Indians
Mulattos
Black Slaves
Relationships with the Natives
• Large mestizo population
• Forced Native Americans
to work
– Encomienda system
• Encomienda system
abolished
– Christianity spreading
• Spanish colonies pushing
North
• Need for labor
– Where does it come from?
The Influence of the
Colonial Catholic Church
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission
Our Lady of
Guadalupe
Father Bartolome de Las
Casas
New Laws  1542
Spain continues
• Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain in
1513.
• Francisco Coronado led an expedition
through AR, NM, TX, OK, KS.
– Found little gold
– Spain assigned mostly priests to explore
and colonize the southwest.
• There were many native revolts & the
ecomienda system was abolished in 1542.
Voyages of Exploration
Atlantic Explorations
Looking for “El Dorado”
European Empires in the Americas