Transcript Chapter 2: Exploring the Americas 1400-1625

CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1
EXPANSION
TRAVEL
•
MARCO POLO TRAVELED TO CHINA FOR EXOTIC GOODS FROM THE
EAST AND WROTE A BOOK ABOUT HIS TRAVELS THAT INSPRIRED
CHRISTOPHER COLOMBUS
TRADE
• DEMAND FOR ASIAN GOODS INCREASED SO EUROPEANS BEGAN
LOOKING FOR A ROUTE TO THE EAST THAT WOULD BYPASS ARAB
MERCHANTS BECAUSE THEY WERE TOO EXPENSIVE FOR THEIR
GOODS
EXPANSION
GROWTH OF IDEAS
BY STUDING THE PAST (CLASSICAL ERA OF ANCIENT GREECE AND
ROME) A NEW ERA OF INTELLECT AND ARTISIC CREATIVITY
HAPPENED CALLED THE
RENAISANCE: PERIOD WHEN INTELLECTIONAL AND ARTISTIC
CREATIVITY HAPPENED IN THE 1400S
RENAISSANCE=REBIRTH
CHANGED THE WAY EUROPEANS THOUGHT ABOUT THEMSELVES
AND THE WORLD AND IT ENCOURAGED NEW IDEAS AND TO SET
NEW GOALS
PAVED THE WAY FOR AN AGE OF EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY
TECHNOLOGY
ADVANCES IN TECNOLOGY PAVED THE WAY FOR EUROPEAN VOYAGES
THE PRINTING PRESS MADE BOOKS/NEW INFORMATION AVAILABLE FOR TRAVELERS
(MARCO POLO STARTED THIS!!)
BETTER MAPS AND INSTRUMENTS
BETTER SHIPS SUCH AS THE CARAVEL
CARAVEL: SHIP THAT SAILED FASTER AND CARRIED MORE CARGO AND SUPPLIES, COULD
FLOAT IN SHALLOW WATER-THIS SHIP WAS THE BEST SHIP TO SAIL THE SEAS DURING
THIS AGE OF EXPLORATION
AFRICAN KINGDOMS
AFRICA IS RICH WITH NATURAL RESOURCES-GOLD/COPPOR/IRON ORE/IVORY
GHANA-TRADING EMPIRE: WEST AFRICA
•
this country grew by trading gold, ivory and slaves
MALI: POWER EMPRIE: WEST AFRICA
•
agricultural and gold mine country
•
King: Mansa Musa
•
Capital: Timbuktu-center for Islamic art and learning
SONGHAI EMPIRE
Rose up against Mali and captured Timbuktu with their strong navy
Askiya Muhammad brought the Songhai empire to the height of its power
•
Introduced laws based around Islamic teachings
Quran: Holy Book of Islam
•
Appointed Muslin judges to uphold Islamic laws divided country into provinces,
established a government
•
Built schools and encouraged trade with Europe and Asia
CHAPTER 2-SECTION 2
Early Explorers
1. Bartholomew Dias –trying to find a new passage to India
2. Leif Erickson: Viking sailor who explored Vinland
 Vinland: North America maybe?
3. Vasco De Gama: discovered the eastern sea route to Asia 1st to reach Asia by going East
4. Prince Henry of Portugal=Henry the Navigator
• Explored the Gold Coast=West Africa for gold, ivory, and slaves
• Laid the groundwork for a new era of exploration
CHAPTER 2-SECTION 2
1. Ferdinand Magellan:
• 1st to sail around the whole world
• Named the Pacific Ocean: Pacific means Peaceful
Strait: Narrow, twisting passage to an ocean
Circumnavigate: Sail around
CHAPTER 2-SECTION 2
Christopher Columbus: 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue• Wanted to find fast way to Asia-discovered the Americas
• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain financed Columbus exploration
Christopher Columbus boats
1. Nina
2. Pinta
3. Santa Maria
CHAPTER 2 SECTION 3
Conquistadors: explored who received grants from Spanish rulers in exchange they agreed to give
Spain 1/5 treasure discovered.
Hernan Cortes-seized control of Aztec Empire
 Aztec Emperor: Montezuma
 Provided Conquistadors with food, palace, hospitality
Francisco Pizarro: seized control of Inca Empire
Why Spain succeeded in conquering empires?
1.
Brought the big guns
2.
Native Americans thought that the Spanish were god like
3.
Disease
SPAIN IN NORTH AMERICA
Juan Ponce de Leon: 1st Spanish person to reach the mainland of
North America (Florida)
• Looking for the fountain of youth
• Explorers wanted to find the Seven Cities of Gold or Seven Cities
of Ciabla
SPANISH RULE
spanish Law had 3 types of settlements
1. Pueblos: Villages/Towns
2. Missions: religious Communities
3. Presido: Fort
Spanish social class
Upper class-people born in Spain
Lower class-mestizos (people with Spanish and Native American parents)
Lowest Class: Native Americans and slaves
Encomienda: the right to demand taxes of labor from Native Americans
Batholome de las Casas: wanted to protect the Native Americans
Mad laws to protect Native Americans-New Laws
Suggested using Africans to replace Native Americans for slaves on plantations
Plantation: large estate
•
Spanish used Native Americans to work plantations-Spainish settlers exported
crops back to Spain for $$$
•
By late 1500s, plantation slave labor was essential part of the economy of the
colonies
CHAPTER 2 SECTION 4
Divided Church
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Martin Luther-broke away from Catholicism to start his own church
•
Protestant Reformation
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Luther believed that faith rather than good deeds was the way to heaven
Divided Economies
Mercantilism-nation’s power is based on wealth
More trade=more gold/silver/$$$
Increased rivalry between nations-European countries competed for territory
More territory=more resources=more gold/silver/$$
Treaty of Tordesillas divided America between
1. Spain
2. Portugal
England, France, and Netherlands ignored treaty and wanted to
make $$$ in Americas so searched for…..
Northwest Passage: more direct water route through the Americas
John Cabot: landed on New Foundland and he used his voyage as
the basis for its claims to North America
French Trading
Fish and fur trade=$$$$
Samuel de Champlain established Quebec to trade with
Native Americans for fur
Dutch Settlements
New Amsterdam=New York City