Transcript chapter 5 - section 1

Spain’s Empire and
European Absolutism
Chapter 5
Section 1
Main Ideas
During a time of religious and economic
instability, Philip II ruled Spain with a
strong hand.
When faced with crises, many heads of
government take on additional economic
or political powers.
Introduction
Charles V became the
Holy Roman
Emperor and ruled
much of Germany.
The first time since
the late 700s that a
European ruler
controlled so much
territory.
A Powerful Spanish Empire
Charles V (King of the Holy Roman Empire) retired and divided his
land.
– Gave his brother, Ferdinand, Austria and the Holy Roman
Empire.
– Gave his son, Philip II, Spain, the Spanish Netherlands and the
American colonies.
Turn to the map on page 153.
How is the map different than today?
Philip II’s Empire
Philip was
–
–
–
–
very religious
hard working
suspicious
aggressive
1580, Captured
Portugal
Became the richest
king in the world.
Philip’s Military
Philip had a huge
army of about 50,000
soldiers.
He was able to
support the army due
to his wealth.
The Spanish
Armada was the
world’s most powerful
navy.
Defender of Catholicism
When Philip became king,
Europe was still in the
middle of religious wars.
– What movement caused
these wars? (Unit 1)
Philip felt it was his duty to
defend Catholicism.
1571, Philip declared war on
the Ottomans.
Philip sent out his armada
and won the battle.
The Defeat of the
Spanish Armada
Philip next sent his armada
to battle the English
Protestants.
This time he lost.
This seriously weakened
Spain, but because of its
wealth it appeared to
remain strong.
Golden Age of Spanish Art &
Literature
Turn to pages 157-158 in your text.
Read the paragraphs under Golden Age of
Spanish Art and Literature.
Outline the paragraphs using the following
format.
– Complete this on a left page in your notebook.
I. Main Heading (Topic)
– A. Important Fact or Main Idea
1. Supporting detail
– a. Specific detail
The Spanish Empire Weakens
This time period had
become a materialistic
one.
The Americas had made
Spain temporarily wealthy
due to the gold and silver
they supplied.
This treasure helped cause
long-term economic
problems.
Inflation
One of Spain’s problems was
severe inflation.
– Inflation = decline in the value
of money, accompanied by the
rise in the prices of goods and
services.
Two main causes:
– Growing population 
Demand for more food.
– Silver flooded the market 
Decreased its value.
Taxes
Spain had expelled Jews
and Muslims in the 1500s.
– Lost many valuable artisans
and businessmen.
Spain’s nobles did not have
to pay taxes.
Tax burden fell on the lower
classes.
– Could never get ahead and
develop their own business.
– Therefore, no middle class
developed.
Making Spain’s
Enemies Rich
The same companies that started in the
Middle Ages still dominated business.
– Old-fashioned methods
High prices
Spaniards turned to France, England & the
Netherlands for cheaper goods.
– This only made the other countries richer.
– These countries were Spain’s enemies.
Borrowing Money
In order to finance wars, Spain had to
borrow money.
Spain borrowed money from German and
Italian bankers.
Sent shiploads of silver to repay the debts.
Philip had to declare Spain bankrupt
three times.
The Dutch Revolt
Spain had to keep an army in the Spanish
Netherlands to keep the people under
control.
Spain = Catholic; Dutch = Calvinist
Spain = poor economy; Dutch =
prosperous middle class
Philip raised taxes in the Netherlands and
tried to crush Protestantism.
The Dutch Revolt (cont.)
1566, Protestants swept through Catholic
churches.
Philip sent an army to punish the rebels.
– 1,500 Protestants and suspected rebels were
executed in a single day.
The Dutch and Spanish fought for 11 more
years.
Seven northern provinces of the Netherlands
united and declared their independence from
Spain.
Ten southern provinces stayed under Spanish
control.
The Independent Dutch Prosper
The seven northern provinces became
known as the United Provinces of the
Netherlands.
They were different…
They practiced religious toleration.
They formed a republic, not a kingdom.
Each elected a governor, whose power
depended on the support of merchants
and landowners.
Dutch Art &
Dutch Trading Empire
Turn to pages 159-160 in your text.
Read the paragraphs under the headings
Dutch Art and Dutch Trading Empire.
Write a MINIMUM of five sentences
summarizing the four paragraphs.
Complete this on a left page.
Absolutism in Europe
Although, Philip lost his Dutch
possessions, he was a
forceful ruler in many ways.
He tried to control every
aspect of his empire’s affairs.
Following Philip, many rulers
would claim the authority to
rule without limits on their
power.
The Theory of Absolutism
Absolute monarchs – kings or
queens who held all of the
power within their states’
boundaries.
Their goal was to control
every aspect of society.
Believed in divine right – the
idea that God created the
monarchy and that the
monarch acted as God’s
representative on earth.
An absolute monarch
answered only to God, not to
his or her subjects.
Growing Power of
Europe’s Monarchs
Growing middle class supported the
monarch because they promised a
peaceful, supportive climate for business.
Church authority broke down and gave
the monarchs greater control.
Colonies were used to supply wealth to
the Europeans.
Crises Lead to Absolutism
Religious and territorial conflicts
between states led to almost
continuous warfare.
– In response, governments built huge
armies and raised taxes.
Led to unrest and revolts by peasants.
In response to the crises, monarchs
tried to increase their own power.
– Regulated religious worship and
social gatherings.
– Goal: To free themselves from the
limitations imposed by the nobility and
by representative bodies such as the
Parliament.