Transcript China: from Ming to Mao

A look at significant
changes in Chinese &
Japanese History in the
19th century
The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 A.D.
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Changes in Trade:
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1. Stopped overseas trade and concentrated
inward.
2. Concerned with protecting bordersIsolationism.
The Arrival of the Europeans:
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Portugal, Spain, Britain, Dutch were
expanding their trade into Asia.
Tea and porcelain are introduced to
Europeans.
The Qing/Chi’ing (Manchu)
dynasty: 1644-1911 A.D.
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Trade with Britain:
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The British traded with China
under strict conditions. (Kow
Tow)
They originally traded cotton
from India for silk, ivory, tea,
and porcelain.
When demand for cotton
declined, the British sold
opium to the Chinese.
The Qing (Chi’ing) Dynasty Continued
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The Opium War (1839 1842)“The British East India
Company and the Opium
trade.” (Ci-Xi – Empress
Dowager)
The Taiping Rebellion 18501864:
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Peasants rebelled under the
leadership of Hong Xiuquan.
Held out for 14 yrs but was
eventually crushed. 20-30
million Chinese died.
Leads to Self-Strengthening
Movement (1862 -1874), which
ultimately fails.
Japan opened - 1853
-Mathew C. Perry enters Edo
Bay (now Tokyo) with a letter
from President Millard
Fillmore.
-Sailed with Two fold purpose:
Show American Naval
strength, and increase
American involvement in
Asia
Treaty of Kanagawa-Opens up
ports.
Japan chooses a different route -1867
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End of Tokugawa Shogunate
- Meiji emperor moved to Tokyo & a
small group of former samurai take
true power
Meiji Restoration Begins
- Japan seeks to reverse the unequal
treaties forced on them through
intensive “westernization”
- Big losers are former landowners &
samurai, who lost all their privileges.
Modernizing Japan
- Education modeled after French &
German, but they still hold onto
ancient customs & beliefs (Emperor
worship)
- Military-Army (Prussian) Navy
(Britain)
- Industrialized the economy
- Reformed the political system (Diet)
The Qing (Chi’ing) Dynasty Continued
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The Sino-Japanese War:
1894
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War started over influence
in Korea and trading
privileges.
Japan won and gained the
islands off the East coast of
China, including Taiwan.
Japanese Territorial gains
in China were given up by
the Japanese, due to
pressure from Europeans.
The Qing Dynasty Continued
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The Boxer
Rebellion:1889-1901
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Anti foreign feelings
erupted.
A group called the
Righteous Harmonious
Fists, dubbed the boxers by
westerners, attacked
foreigners across China.
The rebellion was eventually
crushed and Europeans
gained further influence in
China.
The Manchu Dynasty will
fall in 1911.
Russo-Japanese War 1904-05
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Russia forced China to sign a
treaty for Port Arthur & an
agreement to extend the TransSiberian RR into Manchuria.
Russia enters Korean peninsula.
The Japanese angered by this
move to strike against Russian
influence in Manchuria & Korea.
The Russians were soundly
defeated at sea, as the Japanese
under Togo crushed the Russian
fleet.
Despite heavy losses totaling
approaching 80,000 on both sides
the Russians are forced to sign a
treaty.
An Asian nation has defeated a
European power (?).
In 1912 the Emperor Meiji dies
and the military (Tojo) siezes
power in Japan.