Transcript Chapter Nineteen India, China, and Japan: From the Medieval to the

Chapter Nineteen
India, China, and Japan:
From the Medieval to the Modern World
Culture and Values, 6th Ed.
Cunningham and Reich
The Mughal Empire
Babur (1483-1530), Akbar (1542-1605)
India as center of civilization
Religious freedom (Islam, Hindu)
Urdu language
Artistic blend of Hindu, Persian, and
Islamic elements
Mughal Art
Architecture
Mosques, palaces, walled cities, forts
Indian techniques, Arabic innovations
Dome, pointed arch, minaret
Taj Mahal at Agra (Shah Jehan)
Tomb, monument for Banu Begam
Mughal Art
Visual Arts
Book illustrations, miniatures
Secular
Realistic scenes from courtly life
Persian influences
calligraphy
Mughal Art
Literature
Babur’s Baba-nama (Turkish)
Literary devotion of Homayun
Poetry (Persian)
Mughal tolerance
Tulsi Das (1532?-1623)
The End of Mughal Rule
and the Arrival of the British
Aurangzeb (1618-1707)
Islam vs. Hindu
Sikhism
British East India Trading Company
India as “Jewel in the Crown” of Britain
Controlled by British government by 1849
The Rise of Nationalism
India’s National Congress Party
Strife for self-rule
Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948)
Satyagraha
National literature
Prem Cand (1880-1936)
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941)
Chinese Culture
Under Imperial Rule
Centralized government (1368-1911)
Untouched by Western influence
Port of Macao
Political and social stability
Population growth
Poverty, political unrest, revolution
The Arts Under the Ming Dynasty
Political, economic stability
Cultural enrichment
Confucianism
New literary genres
Hua-Pen
Novels
Stage plays
The Arts Under the Ming Dynasty
Landscape paintings
Human form in natural setting
Artistic attitudes
“change within tradition”
No distinctions between major art forms
Painted ceramicware, “China”
The Arts Under the Ming Dynasty
Architecture tied to Confucianism
Kublai Khan (c. 1216-1294)
Marco Polo (c. 1254-1324)
The Forbidden City
South vs. North
Traditional symbolic values
The Qing Dynasty:
China and the Western Powers
Kang Hsi (1654-1722)
Synthesized local, central administration
Introduced Western arts, education
Jesuit missionaries
Cultural stagnancy
Basic technological methods
Old artistic formulas, Shitao’s Landscape
The Qing Dynasty:
China and the Western Powers
Western Trade and Chinese Independence
Opium War (1839-1842)
Internal rebellions weakened government
Tai Ping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion
Republican Revolution
Sun Yat-sen
Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Tse-tung
The Art and Culture of Japan:
Early Japanese History and Culture
Capital from Nara to Kyoto
Shift from Buddhism to Shintoism
Japanese writing system, literature
Poetry
Theater (no plays)
Murasaki’s novel Tale of Genji
Shonagon’s pillow-book
The Art and Culture of Japan:
The Period of Feudal Rule
Kakamura (1185)
Samurai-dokoro, Shogun
Control of samurai
Rise of the warrior class
Age of the Warring States (1467-1568)
Daimyo vs. Shogun
Introduction of firearms
The Art and Culture of Japan:
The Edo Period
Rule of the Tokugawa family (1543-1868)
Japanese versions of landscapes
Gentler colors, heightened abstraction
Influence of Western art
Peacocks and Peonies (1176)
Woodblock art
Hokusai Katsushika (1760-1849)
The Art and Culture of Japan:
The Edo Period
Basho’s Haiku
Buddhist, Zen Buddhist reflections
Crucial detail of landscapes
Saikaku, Life of an Amorous Woman
Overt eroticism, tales of homosexuality
Monzaemon, The Love Suicide at Amijima
Kabuki drama
Modern Japan:
The Meiji
Commodore Perry, trade with America
Mitsuhito’s “Enlightened Government”
Radical program of reform
Strong central government
Military program
Industrialization
Chapter Nineteen: Discussion Questions
 To what extent did religious and cultural tolerance of the Moghal
empire affect the arts of the period? Explain, citing specific
examples. What was the effect of a loss of tolerance?
 What were the positive effects of China’s resistance to Western
cultural influences? How did the country’s isolation ultimately
serve to undo it political and social stability? Explain.
 What was the function of art in Communist China? Explain.
 What was the result of outside influence into Japanese culture
during the Period of Feudal Rule and beyond into the Meiji?
Consider the far-reaching effects (both positive and negative) of
this influence to the people and culture of Japan.