Transcript 7th grade Chapter 18 reviewx

Chapter 18 Review
Mr. Klein
Korea & Kingdoms
First Koreans were nomads that settled and believed in shamanism.
Three kingdoms emerged: Koguryo in the north, Paekche in the
southwest and Silla in the southeast.
All three used Chinese writing and adopted Buddhism and
Confucianism. Based government on China.
With Chinese aid the Silla conquered the other kingdoms.
Silla wanted to create ideal Buddhist kingdom, more food was
produced, trade increased and the economy prospered.
Encouraged the arts and building Buddhist temples.
Kingdom and Dynasty
After collapse of Silla Kingdom a general named Wang Kon
became the first to unite the peninsula and started the Koryo
dynasty.
Koryo set up a code of laws and Buddhism continued to grow.
Koryo printed the first book using movable metal type.
Eventually had to bow to Mongol rule after a lengthy struggle.
Thousands of Koreans forced to work on a navy to invade
Japan.
After the Mongol power declines a general named Yi Song-gye
overthrows the Koryo and starts a new dynasty.
Yi Dynasty
Yi dynasty lasts for over 500 years.
Named Neo-Confucianism the state philosophy.
Refused to support Buddhism and it declined in Korea.
One of the greatest kings is Sejong. Sejong invents one of
the first devices to measure rainfall.
Also involved in producing water clocks, sundials, and
globes.
Also worked to spread literacy and created an alphabet
called hangul.
Defeat Japanese but weakened enough to be conquered
by the Chinese and Yi dynasty surrenders to the Manchu.
Early Japan
Japans isolation made its people very independent.
Yayoi are the ancestors and set up warrior clans.
In 500s A.D. the Yamato rule Japan and claim they
are descended from sun goddess and Yamato leader
Jimmu becomes the first Japanese emperor.
Early belief in animism leads to development of
Japanese religion Shinto. Shinto became linked to
Japan’s rulers.
Shinto became linked to Japanese love of nature.
Shotoku and the Nara Period
Prince Shotoku was a Yamato prince that created a constitution.
Constitution made the emperor all powerful and all Japanese
were expected to obey him.
Used China and ideas of Confucius as inspiration.
Yamato began Taika, or great change, in 646 A.D. and this split
country up into districts.
Japanese built a new capital city called Nara. Emperor gave
government jobs to nobles. Buddhism continued to become
more powerful in Japan.
Samurai and Shoguns
Weak emperors led to the land being broken up by nobles.
Nobles gave land to Samurai in trade for their loyalty.
After a civil war Yoritomo won and was named the first Shogun
or commander of military forces. Emperor remained official
leader but Shogun also set up his own military government
called the shogunate.
Two Mongol invasions defeated.
General named Ashikaga resists emperor and makes himself
Shogun in 1333.
Ashikaga were weak and land split into areas controlled by
Daimyo. Samurai pledged themselves to Daimyo and
established feudalism in Japan.
Japanese Culture
Japans wealth came from hard work of farmers.
Skilled artisans and merchants began to live in Kyoto and
established guilds to protect jobs and increase earnings.
Women had few freedoms but some were able to contribute to
Japanese culture.
Most Japanese came to worship both Shinto and Buddhism.
Shinto was concerned with daily life while Buddhism was
promised spiritual rewards.
Japanese wrote poetry, prose and plays.
Japanese built Shinto Shrines, Buddhist temples and created
intricate gardens.
Southeast Asia
Vietnam – Viet were the first to develop their own state and
culture. During 900s A.D. Viet rebelled against Tang dynasty
and won their independence. Modeled government and
ceremonies after China and adopted Confucianism as its
religion.
Khmer Empire – became wealthy growing rice. Based rule on
Hindu and Buddhist ideas from India. Built the magnificent
structure of Angkor Wat.
Thai – developed writing system and made the kingdom a
center of learning and the arts. Many Thai were converted to
Buddhism but they were influenced by Hinduism in their
political practices, dance, and literature. Important center of
Buddhist learning and culture.
Burma – adopted Buddhism, Indian political institutions and
culture.