Transcript Unit 2 Vocabulary

Unit 3 Vocabulary
AP World History
1. Absolute monarchy
2. boyars
3. Cossacks
4. criollos
5. devshirme
6. divine right
7. Dutch learning
8. encomienda
9. enlightenment
10. Estates-General
11. Glorious Revolution
12. Hagia Sophia
13. Janissaries
14. Jesuits
15. Manchus
16. mercantilism
17. mestizos
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Mughal dynasty
mulatto
nation state
parliamentary monarchy
peninsulares
purdah
Qing Dynasty
Reconquista
repartamiento
sovereignty
Taj Mahal
Tokugawa Shogunate
Treaty of Tordesillas
viceroyalty
Middle Passage
triangular trade
*A complete definition &
number each word
Middle Passage

The portion of the
trans-Atlantic trade
that involved the
passage of Africans
from Africa to the
Americas
Encomienda

A practice in the
Spanish colonies that
granted land and the
labor of Native
Americans on that
land to European
colonists
Sovereignty

Self-rule
Mulatto

In the Spanish and
Portuguese colonies,
a person of mixed
African and European
descent
Boyars

Russian nobility
Jesuits

Members of the
Society of Jesus, a
Roman Catholic
missionary and
educational order
founded by Ignatius
of Loyola in 1534
Absolute monarchy

Rule by a king or
queen whose power
is not limited by a
constitution
Cossacks

Russians who
conquered and settled
Siberia in the
sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries
Criollos

A term used in
colonial Spanish
America to describe a
person born in the
Americas of European
parents
Devshirme

A practice of the
Ottoman empire to
take Christian boys
from their home
communities to serve
as janissaries
Divine right

The belief of absolute
rulers that their right
to govern is granted
by God
Dutch learning

Western learning
embraced by some
Japanese in the
eighteenth century
Enlightenment

A philosophical
movement in
eighteenth-century
Europe that was
based on reason and
the concept that
education and
training could improve
humankind and
society
Estates-General

The traditional
legislative body of
France
Glorious Revolution

The bloodless
overthrow of English
King James I and the
placement of William
and Mary on the
English throne
Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia, (the
Church of) Holy Wisdom,
now known as the
Ayasofya Museum, was
an early Christian Church
and later an Eastern
Orthodox church which
was transformed into a
mosque in 1453 by the
Turks, and converted into
a museum in 1935. It is
located in Istanbul,
Turkey.
Janissaries

Members of the
Ottoman army, often
slaves, who were
taken from Christian
lands. Their control of
artillery and firearms
gave them
prominence over the
aristocratic Turkish
cavalry.
Manchus

Peoples from
northeastern Asia
who founded China’s
Qing dynasty
Mercantilism

A European economic
policy of the sixteenth
through the eighteenth
centuries that held that
there was a limited
amount of wealth
available, and that each
country must adopt
policies to obtain as much
wealth as possible for
itself; key to the
attainment of wealth was
the acquisition of colonies
Mestizos

In the Spanish
colonies, persons of
mixed European and
Indian descent
Mughal dynasty

Rulers who controlled
most of India in the
sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries
Nation-state

A sovereign state
whose people share a
common culture and
national identity
Parliamentary monarchy

A government with a
king or queen whose
power is limited by
the power of a
parliament
Peninsulares

In the Spanish
colonies, those who
were born in Europe
Purdah

The Hindu custom of
secluding women
Qing Dynasty

Also known as the
Manchu Dynasty, was
the ruling dynasty of
China from 1644 to
1912. The dynasty
was founded by the
Manchu clan Aisin
Gioro.
Reconquista

(Reconquest) The
recapture of Muslimheld lands in Spain by
Christian forces; it
was completed in
1492
Repartamiento

In the Spanish
colonies, a
replacement for the
encomienda system
that limited the
number of working
hours for laborers and
provided for fair
wages
Taj Mahal

A mausoleum located in
Agra, India. The Mughal
Emperor Shah Jahān
commissioned it as a
mausoleum for his
favorite wife. The Taj
Mahal (sometimes called
"the Taj") is generally
considered the finest
example of Mughal
architecture, a style that
combines elements of
Persian and Indian.
Tokugawa Shogunate

The Tokugawa shogunate
(1603—1868), or
Tokugawa bakufu, or Edo
bakufu, was a feudal
military dictatorship of
Japan established by
Tokugawa Ieyasu and
ruled by the shoguns of
the Tokugawa family.
This period is known as
the Edo period and gets
its name from the capital
city of Edo, now Tokyo.
The Tokugawa shogunate
ruled from Edo castle
until the Meiji Restoration.
Treaty of Tordesillas

A 1494 treaty in
which the pope
divided unexplored
territories between
Spain and Portugal
Triangular trade

The eighteenthcentury trade network
between Europe,
Africa, and the
Americas
Viceroyalty

A political unit ruled
by a viceroy that was
the basis of
organization of the
Spanish colonies
Hanseatic league

Organization founded
by north German towns
and German merchant
communities abroad to
protect their mutual
trading interests. The
league dominated
commercial activity in
northern Europe from
the 13th to the 15th
century