Transcript The World in 1500

The World in 1500
What are the big superpowers of the day and why
should I care?
China and Japan
Our World
The big idea is for you to know how much
the Europeans changed the world in the
1500s
but first...
You have to know what that world was
like in order to understand that big
change the Europeans wrought
Our World
We will discuss the major trade, political forms, and
society of:
* Ottoman Empire
* Mughal Empire
* Safavid/Persian Empire
* Chinese Empire
* Songhai Empire
* Aztec, Mayan, Incan Empire
The World in 1500
The Mighty Asian
Empires of China
and Japn
and some not so mighty....
and we will talk about the largest drug dealer
ever.....
This dynasty overthrew
Mongol rule and
controlled China for 300
years.
They brought peace to
China and a period of
exploration.
The Ming Dynasty
The first emperor of the Ming
Dynasty introduced harsher laws,
restored Confucianism and the
Civil Service
Hung Wo
The four social classes under the
strict system of Confucianism are
Samurai
Farmers
Artisans
Merchants
Important Principals of Confucianism
1. Every person should willingly accept their role in
society and they should perform the duties of that
role
2. The gov’t leaders should be virtuous which is
correct behavior towards others. Instead of wealth,
rulers should seek honesty and honor
Early Capitol of the Ming
Dynasty
Modern Day Capitol of China?
Beijing
The part of Beijing where the
Emperor and his family lives?
Forbidden City
Since the Ming emperors were considered the sons of Heaven,
they were, by definition, superior to all other people on earth.
They had no interest in the outside world and so this powerful
nation, with probably the best technology, intelligence and
natural resources, doomed itself to fall behind a rapidly
expanding and energetic Europe.
The World in 1500
The China lure....
The Chinese didn’t need anything from Europe!
But they had many items Europeans wanted....
Tea
Gunpowder
Porcelain
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What are the main items
Europeans want from
China?
Porcelain....duh! it is called
china
Tea - easily the world’s most
popular drink
Two important port cities in
China?
What is the problem as far
as Europeans are
concerned?
China won’t sell!
Luckily, the Europeans will discover India - the
Mughal
home of the
mighty_________ empire.
Eventually.....like in the 1700’s Britain will control
India.
The world’s largest private corporation will be
British
East
India
Tea
Company
created to manage and trade goods from India.
The ____________________________
Now, what does this have to do with drug dealing?
The Great Appeal of China
If only we could sell one _________ to each Chinese person our factories could be
in business forever.
Entering China Through Trade
• It’s the early 1800s and William Delano went out in the world to make money. He
went to China but the Chinese didn’t need anything and he didn’t have anything
unusual to offer.
http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/data/upimages/us_opium.jpg
Trade problems
• Problem is the Chinese gov’t won’t allow opium to be traded.
• Really, that isn’t a problem because the British want to
introduce opium trade too...because, goodness knows,
China won’t sell any tea from the East India Tea Company
(the British mighty-big corportation)
Trade Wars
• British owned East India Tea Company became the biggest drug dealer in the
world....and the Chinese people became the victims
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/opium.gif
The Opium Wars of 1839
Not only was the war the most humiliating defeat the Chinese had ever suffered, but it was also
an example of how weak and vulnerable the Chinese are once their doors are opened to
foreigners. For this reason, and many others, nationalist societies in China have struggled (and
continue) to keep the destructive foreigners out.
Trade Wars lead to Civil Wars in China
• With the Opium introduction, the British also introduced missionaries to spread the
word of Christianity. Missionaries in China become a well-established pattern that
continues today.
• The mix of drug and religion contributes to MAJOR CIVIL WAR 1850s
• Begins with the Taiping Rebellion - strange mixture of gender equality and sex.
25 Million Dead!
US Civil War 1861-1865 620,000 dead
What happened to William Delano?
• He made a fortune in the Opium trade. Married and moved his family to New York
City.
• He had a daughter named Sarah. She married the neighbor’s son James Roosevelt.
• They had a son.
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt
But back to the
1500s.
1644
and out of the weakness of the Ming
Dynasty a new dynastic family takes over.
They will rule China until the early 1900s
when China falls to eventual Communist rule
Their name means “pure”
They came from the north - Manchuria
Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
Manchus who took over and became the Qing Dynasty
There was a rebellion in the late
1700s that greatly weakened the
Qing Dynasty and destroyed most
of southern China
White Lotus Rebellion 1796
By the mid 1800s, the tea trade
with the British East India
Company became vicious....the
European powers demanded more
access to trade items in
China...and China was weakened
by strife
with Europeans.
They will only allow trade in small restricted
areas in coastal cities. They are called special
enclaves.
They are certain areas that allow very limited
trade with foreigners.
This is one reason why China does not modernize
until later and also why they stay so unique in their
culture
There was a rebellion in the mid
1800s that greatly weakened the
Qing Dynasty and destroyed most
of southern China
Taiping Rebellion of 1851-1866
And in Japan?
Japanese Empire
Japanese Empire
Old capitol was
Edo
Today that little
fishing village is
Tokyo
Japan 1500
Who ruled?
Ruled by an Emperor- but he had no power
Who had the power?
Japan 1500
Who ruled?
Sure there was an emperor but the real power was held
by the top military man - the Shogun
Japan 1500
The biggest, baddest
Shogun was a man
named
Tokugawa Ieyasu
This military society/feudal society practiced a
code of behavior much like the European code of
bushido
= “the way of the warrior”
chivalry. It was
called____________
Japan 1500
The feudal lords of Japan were
called
Daimyo
Japan 1500
The military ruler of Japan was
called
Shogun
Japan 1500
He completed the unification of
Japan, was named Shogun
and moved the capitol to Edo
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Japan 1500
This was a combination of
feudalism and central govt in
Japan
Tokugawa
Japan 1500
The first Europeans to reach
Japan?
Portuguese
Japan 1500
The first Portuguese were
Catholic missionaries and
traders.
Francis Xavier
Japan 1500
What did the Japanese Shogunates think of the
Europeans who showed up in the late 1500s/1600s?
not much
Japan, like China, limited the foreign influence in
its country.
Japan was virtually isolated from the outside
world
Japan 1500
No Japanese could leave the
country without the threat of
execution
An Act of Seclusion
Japan 1500
Japan adopts Zen Buddhism