Transcript Warming up of the Cold War

Warming up of the Cold War
United Nations
• New International peace keeping organization
• 191 members today
• Membership in the United Nations is open to all
peace-loving states which accept the obligations
of the Charter and, in the judgement of the
Organization, are willing and able to carry out
these obligations.
Battle for territory
• Poland issue: Elections
• United States:
– Roosevelt passes away, Truman becomes President
– Wanted to bring democracy and economic
opportunity to Europe
– Open up new markets
• Soviet Union:
– Rebuild to protect their interest
– Satellite nations to serve as buffer zones against
attacks
Soviet Union gains ground
• Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
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Romania,
Iron Curtain has fallen
– Communist domination and oppression
United States: Containment
• Resist attempts to form Communist governments
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elsewhere in the world
Critics say policy is too moderate
Kennan: argued that the Soviet system bears
within it the seeds of its own decay
Truman Doctrine:
– “…. It must be the policy of the United States to
support free peoples who are resisting attempted
subjugation by armed minorities or by outside
pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples
to work out their own destinies in their own way.”
Entering the Atomic Age
• Atomic Bomb
• Catastrophic nuclear was war became a
backdrop to the Cold War policies of both
the United States and the Soviet Union
• http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=e
n&rls=GWYG,GWYG:200634,GWYG:en&sa=N&resnum=0&q=Atomic
%20Bomb&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&tab=wv
Marshall Plan
• Help restore the war-torn nations of
Europe to create stable democracies and
achieve economic recovery
• 21 million homeless
• Poland: lost 20% of population
• 1 of 5 houses in France lost
• U.S. sent $13 billion in grants and loans to
Western Europe
Berlin airlift
• Background: Germany was split into 4 regions between
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U.S., Britain, France & Russia
France, G.B. & U.S. create Federal Republic of Germany
Russia responds with creating German Democratic
Republic
Currency issue arises between West and East Germany
Russia imposes a blockade to cut off Western help
Truman decides using the military was not an option
Airlift for the next 15 months supply the 2.5 million
people in Western Berlin with supplies, Russia drops the
blockade
NATO
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
– “an armed attack against one or more of the
… shall be considered an attack against them
all.” a.k.a. – collective security
– United States, Belgium, Britain, Denmark,
France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway and Portugal
– Soviets respond with Warsaw Pact
Soviets Atomic Threat
• Truman gives the go ahead for the
hydrogen and thermonuclear bomb
– http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=198
5737185922472207&q=Hydrogen+Bomb&hl=
en
– http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=8098048851327369510&q=Hydrogen+Bomb&
hl=en
Communism enters China
• Communists Mao
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Zedong v. Jiang Jieshi
(Chiang Kai-shek)
Mao Zedong &
communist followers
take over Peking (now
Beijing) declare
Communist state