Transcript U.S. History review Goal 7-12

Goals
7-12
US History
Review

Muckrakers" was the
name that Theodore
Roosevelt gave
journalists of the early
part of the 20th century
who exposed
governmental and abuses
in American business. Ida
Tarbell, one of the
original muckrakers, was
able to help shut down
the Standard Oil
Company monopoly by
advocating for the
Clayton anti-trust Act,
which declared
monopolies illegal in
America.

President Theodore Roosevelt was sickened
after reading an advance copy. He called upon
Congress to pass a law establishing the Food
and Drug Administration and, for the first time,
setting up federal inspection standards for
meat.

Muckrakers:
Ida Tarbell, Upton
Sinclair, and Lincoln
Steffens Helped
Expose Scandal,
Inspire Reform, and
Invent Investigative
by writing about
dangerous and
questionable practices
in the Standard Oil
Company Trust, Meat
packing industry, and
conditions of the cities

Jacob Riis was among
the first to use flash
powder (PICTURES)
as a muckraking
journalist, which
enabled him to
photograph interiors
and exteriors of the
horrible conditions of
city slums. Jacob Riss
advocated for clean
sewer systems in
cities to ensure safe
drinking water in
Urban slums.
Seventeenth Amendment:
 Direct Election of Senators
 Progressives wanted the direct election of
senators to stop continued government
corruption and rioting



Content: Sharecropping
The primary means of African American livelihood
became sharecropping. Former white plantation owners
would hire former slaves to work the land cheaply in
exchange for food, clothing, housing and a small bit of
pay. In terms of the power structure, the laborer was
subjected to the demands of the sharecropper until he


Content: Legalized government segregation
The Plessey decision set the precedent that
"separate" facilities for blacks and whites were
constitutional as long as they were "equal." The
"separate but equal" doctrine was quickly
extended to cover many areas of public life,
such as restaurants, theaters, restrooms, and
public schools.
Content: Henry Ford –Model T
 Had the greatest impact on transportation
during the first quarter of the 20th century
 The Model T replaced railroad travel which
led the country throughout the 1800’s


Nationalistic struggles and problems for
independence in Europe led to political
struggles for power.
Nations wanted to have their own country, so
began rivalries with other countries around
Europe and this was one of the causes of the
first World War I. Austria-Hungary separated
into different countries.
Content: The factors caused the U.S. to enter
WWI
 Sinking of the Lusitania
 Zimmermann Note
 Unrestricted submarine warfare



In response to the
damage wrought on
Allied shipping by the
German campaign of
'unrestricted submarine
warfare', the Navy
introduced a convoy
system in June 1917.
The convoy system
worked by providing
escort vessels for
individual ships. These
escorts not only guarded
against surface gunfire
attacks, but also dropped
depth charges in areas
where German 'U-boats'
were known to operate.
1918)
 United
States provided strong energized
troops who entered World War I, and
energized the European forces in an
effort to win the war with great
enthusiasm.
World War I:
 The First World War, originally called the Great
War, raged from 1914 to 1918. Mostly fought
in western Europe in muddy, bloody trenches,
WWI saw the introduction of the machine gun
and poison gas into battle.





Content: Enlistment slogans to defeat the German
army
the United States entered World War I, April 1917
Make the world safe for democracy enlist today
Keep freedom of the seas defeat the Huns (Germans)

Sedition Act of 1918,
which made it a crime to
"willfully utter, print,
write, or publish any
disloyal, profane,
scurrilous, or abusive
language about the form
of the Government of
the United States" or to
"willfully urge, incite, or
advocate any
curtailment of the
production" of the things
"necessary or essential
to the prosecution of the
war.
Impact of World War
I at Home
 Suspension of writ of
habeas corpus
 Schenck v. United
States 1919
 Restrictions on civil
liberties during
wartime
 Sedition Act

Content: Republicans Big Business,
 Reduce the size of the US government
 Republicans of the late 1920’s wanted to
reduce government influence of big business
 Halt continued progressive reforms

Content: easy consumer credit
 Buying on Margin
 Over speculation (thought you had the money
but did not)
 The factors that contributed to both the boom
and bust of the 1920’s and 1930s in the US.

Content: Dust Bowl - Agricultural depression
 During the 1920's, farmers in the United States
experienced the worst Depression in history; an
economic slump which turned on its head the
prosperity of the 1920's a slump in which
thousands of farmers lost their farms.

Content: Cars replaced railroads in the 1920s
 Social travel was mostly impacted by cars
 The 1920s decade of escalating debt from
credit and overspending
 People used margin buying to make purchases

Content: easy consumer credit
 The factors that contributed to both the boom
and bust of the 1920’s and 1930s in the united
States.
 Many people increased their debt




The Volstead Act was a law that effectively reinforced the
prohibition of alcohol in the United States.
The Act stated, no person shall manufacture, sell, barter,
transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any
intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act.” It did not,
however, specifically ban the purchase and consumption of
alcohol.
The act was repelled due to violence and bootlegging associated
with prohibition of alcohol

The 1920s are known
today as the “Jazz
Age.” Jazz music was
created at the beginning
of the 20th century. It
was influence by blues
and ragtime which were
popular during previous
years. Since jazz was
the popular music of the
time, it was often played
for social dancing. For
the most part, ballroom
style dances were still
common. Some popular
danced were the Fox
Trot, Black Bottom,
Charleston, Waltz, and
Shag.



Content: Women changed traditional values
Flappers: Dance was an outlet for women who had been oppressed
in America
The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote, allowing them
a voice in the government. This had a large impact on dance
because since women had voting rights they were allowed to do
more things but dance was an outlet for women who had been
oppressed in America
Red Scare 1919
 Unemployment
surged upward until
summer of 1919.
There were 3600
strikes in 1919
involving 4 million
workers. The cost of
living was 99%
higher in 1919 than
in 1914 due to
inflation, some people
began to think that
communism might be
a better system
causing the red Scare

Stock Market Crash
was caused by
Overspeculation
 Stocks were
Overpriced
 Stocks were
overpriced and the
crash brought share
prices back to a
normal levels.
 stock value Price
ratios were too high.


When President
Roosevelt took office
in 1933, he feverishly
created program after
program to give relief,
create jobs, and
stimulate economic
recovery for the U.S.
These programs were
called relief, recovery
and reform a bold
experiment to reform
and enlarge the U.S.
government to aid the
people during the
great depression.

WORKS PROGRESS
ADMINISTRATION
(Relief)
Established under the
$4.8 billion Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act
of 1935, the WPA lasted
until 1943 and employed
at least 8.5 million
people. They built
thousands of roads,
bridges, schools, post
offices and other public
construction
projects. The New deal
enlarged the size of
government and put
people back to work




Roosevelt New Deal programs required bold
experimentation
The New deal enlarged the size of federal government
The federal government under FDR took responsibility
for the welfare of its citizens
FDR New deal programs required deficit spending

FDR: Court packing
FDR tried to increase
the number of
justices to the
supreme court
 to insure passage of
his New deal
programs
 Court disapproved of
FDR deficit spending

Content: Authoritarian regimes
 Germany Japan and Italy
 Sought world domination during WWI
 Germany invaded Europe and Africa
 Japan the pacific

Content: WWII theater battles
 Battle at Stalingrad was fought in the European
theater
 Battle of Midway fought in the pacific –strategy
island hoping
 Battle of El Amien fought in Africa





Content: Manhattan project
The attack and its aftermath killed an estimated 140,000 people at
the end of World War II.
Atomic bomb was a weapon with great explosive power that
results from the sudden release of energy upon the splitting, or
fission, of the nuclei of such heavy elements as plutonium or
uranium created as deterrent to German and Japanese
advancement for world power



Content: Internment of Japanese-Americans
The Japanese Imperial Navy attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Dec. 7,1941.
The U.S. Supreme Court argued in Korematsu
v. United States that the internment camps
were legal and justified for military and security
reasons.


On 26 July 1948, President Harry S Truman signed
Executive Order 9981, establishing the President’s
Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the
Armed Services.
Segregation in the military services officially ended after
the last all-black unit had been abolished. The president’s
directive put the armed forces at the forefront of the
growing movement to win a fully participatory social role
for the nation’s African-American citizens.
Content: Containment of communism
 the Truman Doctrine, asked Congress for
$400 million in military and economic
assistance for Turkey and Greece.
 Domino theory contain communist in
Southeast Asia

Content: During the
Cold War of the 1950s
and 1960s, threat of
possible nuclear attack
by the Soviet Union
inspired the creation
Containment policy
 Nuclear offensive
weapons grew
dramatically in quality
and quantity during
the Cold War.

World Peace
keeping
organization
 5 country
member
security council




Content: The Federal-Aid Highway Act
By the late 1930s, the pressure for construction of
transcontinental superhighways was building. It even
reached the White House, where President Franklin D.
Roosevelt repeatedly expressed interest in construction
of a network of toll superhighways as a way of
providing more jobs for people out of work. Congress,
too, decided to explore the concept
Western Europe and
North America were
locked in a battle
with a Soviet regime
committed to
developing its
military might. The
allies needed a
safety net to repel
any form of
aggression and to
safeguard their
freedom.
 Their solution was
the North Atlantic
Treaty


Americans were
routinely persecuted
because they were
suspected of being
insufficiently
patriotic in the
struggle against
Communism and, in
particular, the
Soviet Union. The
persecution took
various forms, from
imprisonment to the
purging and
blacklisting of untold
thousands

Content The “Space
Race” began in 1957
when the Soviet Union
launched the first
manmade satellite,
Sputnik. The American
government and the
American people feared
that control of space
determine the winner in
the cold war. The tension
created by the cold war,
along with the perceived
technology gap, led the
United States to pour
billions of dollars into the
development of a space
program (NASA).
U.S. families respond to the threat of a nuclear
war between the United States and the Soviet
Union as the cold war intensified
 The purpose of a fallout shelter is to shield the
people inside from the harmful effects of
radiation

Cold War
 President Harry
Truman established
the CIA during the
Cold War to collect
Intelligence
information on
Communist activities
Truman actions
proved useful during
the Cuban Missile
Crisis

The only Cold War to
turn hot was the
Korean war
 The Korean War was
not a war at all it was
a US police action
to stop the spread of
communism in east
Asia
 Creating a problem
between Communist
China and Capitalist
America at the 38th
parallel dividing
North Korea and
South Korea

Content: Bay of Pigs Invasion
 U.S. under estimates Cuba resistance forces
 In April 1961 anti- U.S. forces engaged in the
Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, but Cuban forces
stop the United States attempt to unseat
Castro's government.

Content: Civil rights Movement
 Bus boycott in Montgomery Alabama


CIVIL LIBERTIES - Fundamental individual rights, such
as freedom of speech and religion, protected by law
against unwarranted governmental or other
interference.
Content: Civil Rights turn to militant Action
 After the assassination of MLK, Jr.



President Lyndon
Baines Johnson used
the domino theory to
justify early U.S.
involvement in
Vietnam
Asia is where the
communist
conspirators have
decided to make
their play for global
conquest. If we lose
Vietnam, south east
Asia will fall to the
communist its
inevitable. LBJ
Content: War Power ACT
 The War Powers Resolution of 1973 (Public
Law 93-148) limits the power of the President
of the United States to wage war without the
approval of the Congress. The United States
has formally declared war against foreign
nations eleven separate times.



Counterculture refers to
the social revolution
that swept America in the
1960’s protesting war,
the civil rights problems,
and poverty, otherwise
known as the hippy
movement. (Because
young people wore their
hair long in protest of old
values)
The Vietnam war led to
the counter culture of the
1960’s Young Americans
referred to as hippies
opposed the bombing of
Cambodia, and the US
police Action in called the
Vietnam war.
Content: Block grants
 Block grants reduce federal involvement in
state run housing projects
 The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development funds must be used to benefit
state residents.


Chief Justice Earl
Warren led the court
toward a number of
landmark decisions in
the fields of civil
rights and
individual liberties.
Among these were the
unanimous 1954
decision, written by
Warren, ending
segregation in the
nation's schools,
Brown v. Board of
Education of Topeka,
Kansas

Title IX of the
Education
Amendments of 1972
is a federal law that
enforces men’s and
women’s equality in
any educational
sports program or
activity at any
educational institution
that receive federal
funds.


Content: Bakke v. Regents, University of California.
The Supreme Court first considered that question in
1978, in the case of Bakke v. Regents, University of
California. Bakke, a white applicant to the UC-Davis
Medical School, claimed that he was denied admission
even though his test scores and grades were markedly
better than minority applicants who were
admitted. The Court found that Bakke had been denied
equal protection of the laws by UC-
After the Watergate
scandal of the Nixon
[Republican]
administration
 President Carter
campaigned on the
promise that he
would not lie or
deceive the American
people and he won
the 1976 presidential
election

U.S. oil consumption
was the major cause
of ill shortages in the
early 1970’s, mainly
from gas inefficient
vehicles
 Arab-Israeli conflicts
had produced a
growing tension
between U.S. and
Arab countries, but
over consumption
was the major
problem

Ronald Reagan domestic policy- The rich and
prosperous do not pay taxes, "trickle down
economies" and the lower classes. Lower taxes
on wealthily incomes would benefit American
society.
 This policy led to a high Government deficit and
deficit spending


The concept for the
Strategic Defense
Initiative (Star
Wars) was designed
for x-ray lasers in
space to shoot down
Soviet missiles.
Reagan is credit for
helping to end cold
war, but it was
already over. The
concept required
deficit spending
and led to the largest
US deficit in modern
times during the
Reagan era.


President H.W. Bush saw
Operation Desert Storm
as a mission to drive
Iraqi forces out of
Kuwait
Operation Desert Storm
was decision to restore
Kuwait's sovereignty by
military force. The
ensuing air war and the
effects of the economic
embargo decimated
Iraq's military
infrastructure, severed
communication and
supply lines driving
Iraqi forces out of
Kuwait


On April 26, 1986, the
fourth reactor of the
Chernobyl Nuclear
Power Plant, exploded.
The workers were
performing an
experiment with the
reactor's safety
systems during which
the computercontrolled safety
systems were disabled.
Problems occurred
during the tests, the
reactor did not receive
enough coolant, had
built up too much heat
in the core and
exploded.
Content: Cesar E. Chavez
 A true American hero, Cesar was a Latino, a
farm worker and labor leader; he mobilized
migrant workers to protest their working
conditions, a crusader for nonviolent social
change; and an environmentalist and consumer
advocate

President Clinton
used force in Bosnia
an attempt to bring
an end to regional
conflict
 President Clinton
deployed forces to
Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia
and Hungary as part
of the NATO
Implementation Force
(IFOR) in Operation
Joint Endeavor to
stop regional conflict


NAFTA, the North
American Free Trade
Agreement, went into
effect on January 1,
1994. The Agreement
phases out most tariffs
between the United
States, Canada, and
Mexico. Tariffs, which are
taxes on imports,
increase the price of
foreign goods and
thereby benefit domestic
producers. President
Clinton passage this
legislation in 1994
Content: Hispanics
 Hispanics are the largest minority population
in the United States whose buying power has
more than tripled during the past 15 years.

Content: Diversity of America
 Promoting ethnic equality and fostering a
culture of mutual respect for people from
different ethnic groups requires multiple
teaching practices


No Child Left
Behind Act NCLB:
includes significant
new accountability
measures for all
public schools. It is
based on the
ambitious goal that
ALL children will be
proficient in reading
and math by 2014.
The federal
Government


The Patriot Act is a U.S. law passed in the wake of the
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Its goals are to
strengthen domestic security and broaden the powers
of law-enforcement agencies with regards to identifying
and stopping terrorists.
Main Provisions of the Patriot Act:
 Homeland Security National Operations Center